DSpace Collection:
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/97762
2024-03-29T07:29:22Z國家生命與社會生活-梁啟超的國家理論
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/97787
題名: 國家生命與社會生活-梁啟超的國家理論
摘要: 本文的目的在探討梁啟超的國家理論,即其有關國家權力正當性和國家存在目的的思想。藉由梁啟超的論述,期望能對於當今我們憲政體制和國家權力的機制,提供一種不同的思考面向,使我們跳脫以政黨政治造成的對立,回到國家理論的原點,重新思考國家存在的目的。回顧歷史發展,西方社會面對國家權力遞變而造成社會秩序動亂問題時,對於國家權力正當性和國家存在目的有其深刻的思考,並且形成國家學的學術傳統。本文認為梁啟超的國家思想中,提出「新民說」重新思考國家存在的基礎,從一個道德社會的基礎上,重新塑造國民特性,並且形成個人與個人、個人與社會,以及個人與國家之間的道德規範,形成國家權力正當性以及國家存在目的的基礎,並得以建構國家的權力組織。這種基於社會事實的國家觀,由下往上的形塑國家生命,或許正是梁啟超當年未竟全功的君主立憲的歷史全貌,那就是社會生活的穩定才是國家發展的目的,為了達到這個目的,任何社會生活的多元現狀必定構成國家發展的真實基礎。認識如是的歷史規律以及它的不可逆性,不僅有助於我們在憲政主義叢林中尋得真正的出路,也足以舒緩台灣社會當下的政治燥熱,當社會成員苦悶於失序、茫然的政治前景,就值得我們回顧古典的問題,重新思考共同生活的意義。; This paper is to explore Liang Chi-Chao’s theory of state, which proposes the thoughts about the legitimate of power and the aim of state being. To contemplate the aim of state being, we expect, through the discourse of Liang Chi-Chao, to offer different thinking dimensions to our current constitution and the power of state so as to make us escape the opposition of party politics and return to the origin of state theory. In retrospect to the development of the western history, when the society stayed in social disorder as a result of change of state power, the profound contemplation of the legitimate of power and the aim of state being thus emerged, further forming the academic tradition of state science (Staatswissenschaft). This paper considers that Liang proposed “The new people” to rethink the foundation of state being, rebuild the traits of civics based on the moral society, bring up the moral norms among individual, society and state, and construct the organizations of state power as well as the legitimate of state power and the aim of state being. The perspective of state, in view of social fact, mold state being in a bottom-up process. Probably the main purpose of state development is the stabilization of social existence, which is exactly the historical full view of the constitutional monarchy that Liang had ever strived for. In order to reach the purpose, the authentic basis of state development must be composed of the diversification in any social existence. Knowing such a historical dynamic law and its irreversibility, not only are we able to find a way out in the jungle of constitutionalism but moderate the political torrid enthusiasm in Taiwan. When social members confront the chaotic and puzzled political future with depression, it pays for us to look back to the classical questions and reflect the significance of commonwealth.2016-06-08T03:48:03Z從美國進步主義與威爾遜理念反思中山先生的憲政思想
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/97786
題名: 從美國進步主義與威爾遜理念反思中山先生的憲政思想
摘要: 十九世紀中葉美國內戰後,在工業化快速發展的衝擊下,產生種種政治、經濟與社會問題,政府應扮演何種角色?在諸多結構轉型中,思想界與實務界逐漸產生對「社會達爾文主義」與古典自由主義的「自由放任」之批判,進步主義思想即源於此發展而來。\\r本文藉由美國進步主義的思想內涵,找出若干線索,如亨利‧喬治的單一稅、威廉氏的社會史觀等,尤其是威爾遜在《國會政府》、《憲法政府》、《新自由》等理念及其推動的改革政策如:「反托拉斯法」、保護工會與勞工的「勞工憲章」、「聯邦儲備銀行委員會」、「國會政府」、「戰爭與和平」及「巴黎和會」等國內、外重大決策,其對中山先生革命事業與憲政思想發展過程產生的影響,並且兼顧比較與創新。例如中山先生從對「議會內閣」的贊揚,到對「代議政治」的批評,以及建構「民族自決」、「權能區分」、「直接民權」、「萬能政府」、「民生史觀」等與時俱進的憲政思潮即是明顯之例。本文反思中山先生思想的源頭與時代性,他捨歐陸的馬克思激進的革命路線而取美國進步主義的改良路線,作為他憲政架構的主要思維,及其對後世的影響加以探討。; The impact of industrialization since mid-nineteenth century has brought about a variety of problems after American civil war, such as whether social differentiation will go into polarization, and what roles the government should play today. Under the transformation of many social and economical structures, people began to criticize “Social Darwinism” and the “Laissez-faire” of classical liberalism, originating the development of progressivism. This article discusses the ideas of progressivism in America, including the theory of Single Tax proposed by Henry George, Maurice William’s social interpretation of history, and especially the concepts discussed in “Congressional Government”, “Constitutional Government”, “New Freedom” by Woodrow Wilson, who promoted reformation policies such as the antitrust laws, “Labor Charter” to protect unions and labors, Federal Reserve Board, War and Peace and “Paris Peace Conference”. Those ideas influenced the building of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen’s constitutional thoughts and revolution career, and he developed some comparison, innovation, and reactive thinking, which can be shown from his praise to the “parliament” to the criticism of “representative government”, and from the timeless streams of constitutional thoughts such as “National Self-Determination”, “the separation of people’s right power from government’s power”, “direct civil rights”, “competent government” and “the people’s livelihood Interpretation of History”. This article aims to examine the timelessness of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen’s thoughts which value American progressivism instead of European Marxism and to rethink the origin of the thoughts and the following influences on the China descending generations.2016-06-08T03:47:48Z達賴喇嘛的新自治論
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/97785
題名: 達賴喇嘛的新自治論
摘要: 近年來,達賴喇嘛試圖尋求談判途徑來解決西藏問題,他對自治的看法也作了大幅度的修改,並做出了許多根本上的讓步。達賴通過降低對政治經濟權力的追求,轉而尋求宗教和文化上的更大控制力,他已經改變了對西藏自治權的追求重點。即使在宗教和文化領域,他也願意承認由中華人民共和國「管理並保證保存我們西藏的文化,精神和環境」,而不再要求由自己絕對控制。本文將考察達賴喇嘛新舉動發生的背景,略述新近的發展,並探討在自治權問題對話上遇到的主要障礙,並提出消除這些障礙的方法建議。; In recent years, the Dalai Lama has pursued a dialogic approach to the Tibet Question. He has significantly modified his views of autonomy and made a number of fundamental concessions. He has altered the focus of the autonomy he seeks for Tibet by downplaying enhanced political and economic power and pursuing greater power in religion and culture. Even in those spheres, he no longer claims an exclusive domain, but acknowledges a willingness to have the People’s Republic of China (PRC) “govern and guarantee to preserve our Tibetan culture, spirituality and our environment.” This essay examines the background to the Dalai Lama’s new initiative, outline recent developments, discuss obstacles to a breakthrough dialogue on autonomy, and suggest ways to overcome them.2016-06-08T03:47:45Z孫文的民族論述分析
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/97784
題名: 孫文的民族論述分析
摘要: 民族想像的形成並不僅是藉由論述,民族想像的形成同時也是綜合政治力與社會力的實踐過程,這也是本文擇定孫文作為研究對象的緣故。本文主要探究孫文如何理解民族與民族主義?在不同階段,孫文的民族論述是否產生轉折或斷裂?筆者希望透過這篇論文,能對於孫文的民族論述進行理論性的重建。由眾多符號堆砌建構的中國民族並非是個同質的統一體,這與晚清時期知識菁英的主觀期待有著極大落差。回首過去,中國民族想像的形成乃是一個充滿游移與對抗的論辯過程,筆者將這個過程定性為民族大辯論。筆者發現孫文的民族論述可區分為三階段,分別為1894年至1911年的排滿鬥爭論、1912年至1918年的五族共和論、1919年至1925年的中國民族論。孫文並於1924年寫成民族主義六講。他企圖透過這六講將其民族論述系統化,這也可視為孫文理解中國民族問題的最後定論。; The forming of “national imagination” is not completed only by discourse, but is also formed by comprehensive practical process of political power and social power. For the reasons I choose Sun Wen as the subject of my research, specifically his apprehension of nation and nationalism. At different stages does Sun Wen’s national discourse oscillate or fracture? I hope that this thesis can reconstruct an abstract view point on Sun Wen’s national discourse. The Chinese nation is not a homogenized unity of abundant symbols. This has been shown to be a great failure by the subjective expectations of the intellectual elites of the Ching Dynasty. As we look to the past, the imagined Chinese nation is the process of replete with conflicting vacillations. I orientate the process as the great debate of nationality. I have summarized Sun Wen’s national discourse into three stages: the theory of struggle with the Ching dynasty (1894-1911), the theory of five clan republicanism (1912-1918), and the theory of the Chinese nation (1919-1925). Sun Wen combined and wrote Six Chapters of Nationalism in 1924. He plans to systematize nationalism by writing the six chapters. This is also viewed as Sun Wen’s conclusive understanding of the Chinese nationality issues.2016-06-08T03:47:30Z