歌德的自傳作品《法國戰役／緬茵茲圍城》裏之作家身份維護

Abstract

基於歌德的自傳作品《法國戰役／緬茵茲圍城》裏個體與世界歷史的相互映照，本文將從此角度探討歌德如何因應時代大環境的變化而改變自己，進而能夠維護其文學作家身分。首先將分析文本的書寫方式。其主要原則有日記文體，間接敘述法和保持距離的敘述態度。這些書寫方式主要用於描寫戰爭經驗。相對於此的是概覽回顧式的書寫，其目的是讓自傳書寫者能表達內心世界並從事自我反思與解析。接下來將針對作品裡描寫歌德拜訪友人雅各比和普萊辛的部份，討論歌德如何比較對照與兩位友人的差異，反映自己因為革命與戰爭的影響而形成的改變。藉由此一描寫也說明歌德的文風之所以轉向寫實的原因。同時更証實作家寫作風格改變的必要性。最後本文將探討歌德的改變是邁向另一新的文學創作階段的必要條件。唯有如此，他才能從失去作家身分的威脅中脫困。

With the example of Goethe’s autobiography Campagne in Frankreich/Be-lagerung von Mainz, this paper aims to discuss about how a literary writer like Goethe retains his identity as such in the time of big change. First, it will analyze the narrative style of the autobiography. There are some main principles of it: the diary form, the indirect narration, and the distanced attitude of the narrator. These are applied to describing the experience of war. In addition to that, there is also another writing style which is based on the narration of a retrospective overview. It is applied to expressing the autobiographer’s inside world, his self-reflection, and his self¬analysis. Then this paper will discuss about Goethe’s visit to his old friend and acquaintance, Jacobi and Plessing. This discussion is meant to show how Goethe changes himself due to the revolution and war and how he defends his switching to the realism in regard of his style of literary writing. Finally, this paper will argue that Goethe’s change is necessary for a breakthrough of his literary writing. By doing so, he escapes the threat of losing his identity as a literary writer.