從同性戀情結探討安徒生故事裡的戀情

Abstract

以兒童文學，童話故事聞名於世的丹麥作家安徒生（Hans Christian Andersen 1805-1875）是一名同性戀者，這對研究安徒生之學者而言已不是禁忌 話題。安徒生終身未娶，他在中、晚年出國旅遊時常有年輕男子伴遊，更寫了不少熱情洋溢的書信給男性友人。但安徒生處於一個不容許同性戀行為的時代，在現實生活中他必須謹言慎行，必須隨時壓抑自己對同性的愛慕，但在他的作品故事中，是否有意、無意地洩露出他的同性戀性向，尤其他故事中所描述之戀情是 否有別於一般形象？有否特殊之傾向？針對此問題，本文將從安徒生故事中挑出 數篇如〈堅定的錫兵〉、〈友誼的協定〉、〈貝脫、比脫和比爾〉、〈老約翰妮講的故 事〉、〈看門人的兒子〉、〈柳樹下的夢〉等，藉助故事中的內容及人物個性作深入的分析，從同性戀的情結探討他故事裡的戀情。

Famous around the world for his fairy tales in particular and children’s literature in general, Hans Christian Andersen is widely believed to be a homosexual. His sexual orientation is much discussed, and this subject is no longer a taboo among Andersen scholars. In the latter part of his life when he traveled abroad, Andersen was often accompanied by young men, and he even entered into amorous correspondence with his male friends. Andersen lived in an age when homosexuality was now allowed, so he had to be very discreet about what he said or did, and he had to constantly suppress his love for the same sex. We may wonder whether he disclosed, inadvertently or on purpose, his homosexuality in his works. We may also be curious about whether his recounting of romances differs from our general impression. To answer these questions, the author will, by deciphering the contents of Andersen`s stories and analyzing the characters therein, tackle the issue from the perspective of the homosexual complex. The author uses, inter alia, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Bond of Friendship, Peiter, Peter and Peer, The Porter`s Son, and Under the Willow Tree, for discussion and exemplification.