巴塔伊（Bataille）的耗費觀：從可能的喪失（perte possible）到不可能的喪失（perte impossible）

Abstract

本文旨在探討巴塔伊（Bataille）的耗費觀中「喪失」的概念，以及喪失與情色之間之關係。首先探討原始部落中「誇富宴」（potlatch）中耗費的意義，接著分析耗費意義下的「喪失」是否可能。然後再分析巴塔伊對於喪失概念之改變，也就是從「可能」到「不可能」的一個重要轉折。最後，將喪失的「不可能性」的原則去探討情色的本質。經過巴塔伊的分析，其實「誇富宴」中對財富的捐贈或毀損，其實並不是一種「失去」，而是一種「攫取」，因為得到反而比失去更多。如此一來便不具有「喪失」的意義。捐贈者即便沒有得到實質的回報，也得了更好的名聲與地位，這也是另一種實質的回饋，因此都不能算是「純粹」的喪失。巴塔伊認為純粹的失去表現在死亡的意義上，然而真正的死亡卻無法被領會，一旦死亡便無法領會狂喜的滋味。情色作為精力的耗費和喪失，如何將喪失的不可能性和情色相結合？情色作為一種耗費的形式，其喪失的本質也是巴塔伊亟想解決的課題。

This paper aims to investigate the concept of “loss” in Bataille’s notion of expenditure and the relationship between loss and eroticism. First of all, this paper explores the meaning of expenditure in the potlatch of the primitive tribe and analyzes the possibility of the loss from the notion of expenditure. Next, this research analyzes the change of the concept of loss for Bataille, an important turning point from “possible” to “impossible.” Finally, this paper studies the essence of erotica from the principle of the “impossibility” of loss. According to Bataille’s analysis, the donation or damage of property in “potlatch” is not seen as a “loss”, but as an “acquisition”, for what people have received is more than what they have lost. In this way, the meaning of loss does not exist. Even if the donators do not receive substantial returns, they will still gain a better reputation and status, which is another real feedback. Therefore, it cannot be regarded as a "pure" loss. Bataille thinks that pure loss means death. However, death cannot be truly comprehended. Once dead, we cannot appreciate ecstasy. How can the impossibility of loss be combined with erotica as an expenditure and loss of energy? The lost nature of erotica, as a form of expenditure, is also an issue that Bataille desires to solve.