台湾経験から考えるアジア地域統合論（從台灣經驗思考亞洲地區整合論） 從台灣經驗思考亞洲地區整合論

Abstract

アジア地域統合の理論化を考える際に、台湾とアジア地域の関係性の経験が一つのヒントになる。台湾は、周辺国から政治外交面で主権国家としての地位が承認されていないにもかかわらず、社会や人々はデファクト（de- facto）の経済社会活動に参加し、グローバルに共有できる価値を持っている。同様に、アジアの地域統合モデルは、政治的硬直性と経済社会的柔軟性が一体となっている地域固有の特徴に基づいて理論化される。たとえば、ASEAN や中国がイニシアチブを取ってきた主権国家を単位とする東アジア地域主義は、各国の強いナショナリズムが阻害要因となって超国家的な政治的統合には向かわない。他方で、アジアには、主に日本の非公式なイニシアチブで推進されてきた民間経済中心のボトム・ア ップ型のアジア太平洋地域主義が存在し、グローバルな秩序と親和性を持って発展してきた。台湾の事例を研究することは、アジア地域全体のユニークな特徴の把握につながり、経済社会統合を中心とするアジア地域統合モデルの構築に重要な示唆を与えるだろう。 在思考亞洲地區整合理論之際，可以參考台灣和亞洲地區關係的經驗。台灣身為一個主權國家，雖在政治外交方面尚未受到周邊國家的承認，但其社會和民眾都已參與事實（de-facto）經濟社會活動，並具有與全球接軌的價值。同樣地，亞洲地區整合模式是能根據政治的僵硬性和經濟社會的彈性融合地區之特點來加以理論化的。例如，東協和中國掌握主動權，然以主權國家為主的東亞地區主義，可能受到各國強烈民族主義的干擾，而無法朝向跨國家的政治整合。另一方面，亞洲還可能創造由日本非正式倡議，主要以非政府的企業及民眾為主的由下而上型，且與後冷戰全球自由主義秩序相合的事實上的經濟及社會整合。研究台灣具體案例有助於理解亞洲區域整體之獨特性，並對以經濟社會整合為主之亞洲區域整合模式提供重要啟示。For theorizing about regional integration movements in Asia it is insightful to analyze the relationship of Taiwan with her Asian neighbors. Taiwan is not politically recognized as a sovereign state by neighboring governments, however, it enjoys substantial economic and social relations with regional neighbors and the Taiwanese people share many common values with the outside world. Similarly, the trend of Asian regional integration implies mixed political and socio-economic realities. The shift towards East Asian regionalism under Chinese and ASEAN initiatives, which emphasizes principles such as sovereignty and non-intervention, implies that East Asian states are not likely to establish a supranational political institution. Meanwhile, Asia-Pacific regionalism, which is mainly spearheaded by Japanese informal initiatives, has traditionally emphasized a bottom-up process whereby non-governmental businesses and civil-society actors are more likely to contribute to de-facto economic and social integration in accordance with the post-war liberal order. In conclusion, when theorizing about Asian regional integration it is vital to consider such comprehensive regional characteristics as political realism and socioeconomic liberalism. The case of Taiwan is useful in understanding the uniqueness of the Asian regional characteristics, and provides important insights for the structuring of Asian regional integration which mainly consists of economic and social integration.

For theorizing about regional integration movements in Asia it is insightful to analyze the relationship of Taiwan with her Asian neighbors. Taiwan is not politically recognized as a sovereign state by neighboring governments, however, it enjoys substantial economic and social relations with regional neighbors and the Taiwanese people share many common values with the outside world. Similarly, the trend of Asian regional integration implies mixed political and socio-economic realities. The shift towards East Asian regionalism under Chinese and ASEAN initiatives, which emphasizes principles such as sovereignty and non-intervention, implies that East Asian states are not likely to establish a supranational political institution. Meanwhile, Asia-Pacific regionalism, which is mainly spearheaded by Japanese informal initiatives, has traditionally emphasized a bottom-up process whereby non-governmental businesses and civil-society actors are more likely to contribute to de-facto economic and social integration in accordance with the post-war liberal order. In conclusion, when theorizing about Asian regional integration it is vital to consider such comprehensive regional characteristics as political realism and socioeconomic liberalism. The case of Taiwan is useful in understanding the uniqueness of the Asian regional characteristics, and provides important insights for the structuring of Asian regional integration which mainly consists of economic and social integration.