東日本大震災およびTPP問題と日本農業の再生 東日本大地震與泛太平洋夥伴協定及日本農業的革新

Abstract

自從菅總理在2010年10月表明了對TPP（Trans-Pacific Partnership）的關心，在日本輿論界熱烈掀起是否贊同TPP的論述。因為2011年3月11日的東日本大地震，TPP的相關討論看來似乎暫時中斷了，但是從震災中再起，不只是對東日本，也應該考慮日本全體經濟復興的對策，而這問題正應該與TPP的討論一併觀之。關於農業方面也是如此，復興計畫所檢討的農地大區域化與農地整理，也是克服日本農業的零碎規模以及加入TPP的對策。本文首先檢討東日本農業復興的狀況，其改革手法在日本對外的農業政策上也同樣有效，尤其是TPP。接著，對日本而言，加入TPP具有什麼樣的意義，探尋TPP的本質為何，然後檢視韓國在達到美韓自由貿易協定（FTA）的協議之過程中，是如何處理農業問題的，討論日本是否可能採取同樣的對應。最後，檢討日本農業在全球化中生存的方法。Since Prime Minister (then) Kan expressed his interest in TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) in October 2010, heated debates on the pros and cons of this have been ignited. The TPP debates are now somewhat refrained due to the East Japan Great Disaster, that happened on March 11, 2011. However, the recovery plan from the disaster targets not only East Japan but also at the Japanese economy as a whole, meaning TPP should be integrated into discussions. The same applies to agriculture. Agricultural reforms, such as enlargement of operation size and land assembly, under the recovery plan are strategies to overcome the current lack of scale in Japanese agriculture as well as participation in TPP. This paper first examines the measures for recovery in agriculture from the disaster and justifies how they are also useful measures for foreign agricultural policy, in particular, the TPP. Then, this paper discusses the meanings and essence of joining the TPP, in comparison with Korea`s experience in their FTA signature with the U. S. Finally, the study examines the methods of survival of Japanese agriculture under the scope of globalization.