両岸自由貿易化における台湾中小企業の発展モデルにかかる分析 兩岸自由貿易趨勢下之台灣中小企業發展模式分析

Abstract

1980年代之後，中小企業在整體銷售值及出口值等經營指標的表現，已逐步被大企業超越，市場開拓能力有衰退趨勢。兩岸簽訂ECFA之後，除了關稅減免議題之外，亦將衍生原產地規範、爭端解決及服務貿易等非關稅議題，這對不同產業環境下的中小企業，勢必產生不同的衝擊或商機。本文將針對兩岸自由貿易趨勢下中小型製造業發展模式進行探討，藉此摸索台灣中小企業提升市場開拓能力的可能途徑。從產業個案分析結果，可發現台灣中小企業因應ECFA的發展策略意涵，包括：（1）透過群聚效果與磨合共創模式來達成高附加價值化之目標；（2）「多核心組裝母廠帶動大量衛星子廠」的策略聯盟模式；（3）透過上述兩個策略意涵來誘引國外關鍵技術廠商來台投資，突破ECFA的非關稅措施限制。SMEs had played a vital role in Taiwan`s economic development during the 1960s. However, since the 1980s, SMEs` proficiency in market development has declined. Their performance in terms of sales and export value fell behind that of large enterprises. As trade liberalization between Taiwan and Mainland China improved after the signature of ECFA, tariff and non-tariff barriers reduction, as well as further economic cooperation will become focal issues. Those changes will inevitably influence SMEs` day to day businesses. To advise manufacturing SMEs on how to adapt to changes like these, this study elaborates on exploration of innovation and market development strategies. From our case studies, we find that firstly, local SMEs can achieve high value added production through cluster and co-innovation with vertically linked local industries, which is the so called A-team strategic alliance model; secondly, local SME component producers can achieve high value added production through cluster and co-innovation with large local down-stream enterprises, the so called M-team strategic alliance model; and thirdly, those industry clusters formed above can become an attraction for FDI inflow.