東日本大震災による日本のエネルギー安全保障政策への影響 東日本大地震對日本能源安全政策的影響

Abstract

2011 年3 月、日本の東北地方ではマグニチュード9.0 の大震災が起き、それとともに強い津波ももたらされ、日本は戦後最大の災害に直面した。さらに、福島原子力発電所が深刻な放射性物質を放出してしまったために、日本国内の原子力発電の安全に対する危機感が高まっただけでなく、国際社会全体において原子力安 全の強化に向けた機運が高まった。日本はエネルギー資源が乏しい国であり、エネルギー自給率が先進国の中で最も低い。過度なエネルギー海外依存を減らすために、日本は原子力発電の比率を増やしつつある。東日本大震災及び福島原子力発電所の事故により、日本のエネルギー安全保障に関する脆弱性も一層露呈し、日本政府は改めて新たなエネルギー安全保障政策を再検討しなければならない。短期的には、日本は原子力発電の代わりに火力発電の割合を上げ、特に、液化 天然ガスの輸入を増やす傾向にある。中長期的には、日本は海外へのエネルギー投資の比率を増やしながら、世界の主なエネルギー生産国との外交関係も強化する必要があり、省エネ及び再生エネルギー技術の開発に力を注ぐべきことは明らかである。 2011年3月日本東北發生芮氏規模9級的強震，同時引發強烈的海嘯，日本遭受戰後以來最大規模的災害。另外，福島核電廠發生嚴重的輻射外洩事件，引發日本國內核能安全危機，甚至演變成國際性核能安全問題。日本是一個能源缺乏的國家，能源自给率是先進工業國中最低，因而日本不斷的增加核能發電的比率，藉此希望能減少對外國能源的依賴。東日本大地震以及福島核災事件，暴露出日本能源安全上的脆弱性，並使日本政府必須重新檢討新的能源安全政策。短期而言，日本將會增加火力發電的比率，以代替核能發電減少的部分，特別是液態天然氣的使用比率將會提高。中長期而言，日本將會增加海外能源投資的比重，強化與世界主要能源生產國的外交關係，同時將持續致力於節能以及新能源技術的開發。In March 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami hit the Tohoku area and Japan has been facing its worst disaster since World War II. Since a large-scale radiation leak occurred at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, nuclear power security has become a domestic and international issue. Basically, Japan is a nation without its own energy sources, and its energy self-sufficiency rate is the lowest in the developed world. Under this condition, Japan`s electric power supply depends greatly on nuclear generation to reduce its high dependence on imports for energy. However, after the 3.11-earthquake and the Fukushima accident, people have started to doubt about existing energy security policy and Japanese government have to review it again. In a short run, Japan needs to increase the ratio of thermal energy instead of nuclear energy and using liquefied natural gas is the key. In a medium- and long-run, it is clear that Japan needs to focus on energy saving and the development of regenerated energy technology. At the same time, it is necessary to increase its energy investment overseas and strengthen diplomatic relations with the world`s major energy producing countries.

In March 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami hit the Tohoku area and Japan has been facing its worst disaster since World War II. Since a large-scale radiation leak occurred at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, nuclear power security has become a domestic and international issue. Basically, Japan is a nation without its own energy sources, and its energy self-sufficiency rate is the lowest in the developed world. Under this condition, Japan`s electric power supply depends greatly on nuclear generation to reduce its high dependence on imports for energy. However, after the 3.11-earthquake and the Fukushima accident, people have started to doubt about existing energy security policy and Japanese government have to review it again. In a short run, Japan needs to increase the ratio of thermal energy instead of nuclear energy and using liquefied natural gas is the key. In a medium- and long-run, it is clear that Japan needs to focus on energy saving and the development of regenerated energy technology. At the same time, it is necessary to increase its energy investment overseas and strengthen diplomatic relations with the world`s major energy producing countries.