中国の軍政と工作条例の変遷－－政治と財務の視点から

Abstract

在中華人民共和國，中國共產黨為實現對人民解放軍其軍政面之統制，實施關於政治、思想與預算、資金方面之統制。再者，此軍政統制之兩面，就如同車輪般，處於相互密切之關係。此兩類統制，分別由「中國人民解放軍政治工作條例」與「中國人民解放軍財務（工作）條例」所訂定，並隨著政治、經濟之變化，經歷多次改訂、變更。兩者皆為黨強化統制之產物，然分析之結果，顯示其本質上迥異於原由、目的、手法。「政治工作條例」伴隨著政治環境之變化，工作對象也隨之變化；然而「黨對軍之領導」不變。另一方面，「財務工作條例」，對應經濟環境之變化與腐敗、貪污等，已修改訂定應強化之統制，黨不單將軍作為「黨軍」，而是以國家之框架統制軍事財政。

As a means to control an army, military administration is as important as `supreme command` and `military command` in Civil-Military relations. In the People`s Republic of China (PRC), the Communist Party of China (CPC) controls the military administration of the People`s Liberation Army (PLA) by controlling its policy or ideology side and budget or funding side. These different aspects of control are closely related. To better understand the control mechanisms, I studied the regulations on policy and finance in military administration. These two control mechanisms are respectively known as `PLA political regulations` and `PLA financial regulations`. As politics and economic circumstances change, these regulations have continued to be revised several times. Using these regulations, I demonstrate that 1) in the political aspect, the CPC has established subjective civilian control through ideology and regulations since the founding of the PRC, and 2) in the financial aspect, the CPC has controlled the PLA using a national framework. These results provide the new insight that the CPC is not building the PLA as merely a `Party-Army` or a `National-Army`, but rather as a `Party-National-Army` using a national framework.