內生經濟成長理論的綜合評論

Abstract

經濟成長是總體經濟演化的一種綜合過程，長久以來即為各國政府施政主要的追求目標之一。傳統的經濟成長理論，主要是從有形的生產資源去探討、說明成長的現象，但這種理論並無法有效解釋各國的經濟成長史實。本文的目的即在對1980年代中期興起的內生經濟成長理論作一綜合性的分析、比較，此種成長理論是從總體經濟模型內的變數來尋求解釋成長的動力，以求更能符合成長的特性。由於影響經濟成長的因素複雜多變，所以內生經濟成長理論分別從政府行為、遞增規模報酬、人力資本、研究與發展，甚至從一國的總體狀況（如金融深化、政治制度、及法令制度等），及國際的經濟情勢（如國際貿易與地理區位等）等方面來探討經濟成長。因此，內生經濟成長理論所能解釋的成長動力是多元化的，其所顯示的總體經濟政策意涵也就更為豐富。 \n

In traditional growth theory, the sources of economic growth is focus on physical factors, countries with the same technology and population growth rate eventually converge to the same steady-state growth rate, and the steady-state growth rate is exogenous. But it can not explain the differences in growth rates persist among countries of long periods. Therefore endogenous growth theory combines physical and intangible components to explain the economic growth phenomenon, and it attempts to make the growth rate endogenous.This paper is to survey endogenous growth theory. We analyze the main growth model, such as government budget, increasing returns to scale, human capital, and research & development. In conclusion, endogenous growth theory view that government policy and economic behavior more generally are able to effect the growth rate in the long run, hence it implies more variety of policy implication for the governments to pursue economic growth.