創業競賽團隊的心理歷程分析：以FITI為例

Abstract

過去研究創業成功的文獻很多，但少有研究探索創業團隊在競賽中的成功因素以及心理歷程，因此本研究以試圖以歷程的角度探究心理特質對創業團隊表現之影響。\r\n\r\n創業家的創新性和創業成功有正向關聯，而創業的高失敗率及高工作量讓創業家長期處於高壓環境，是以抗壓性高的創業家容易脫穎而出；此外，創業家對壓力跟挫折的反應型態(例如反芻)也可能會影響創業績效。故本研究選擇創新性、壓力忍受及反芻(苦惱自責及深思反省)作為預測變項，企圖了解這些心理特質在創業競賽中的角色以及它們之間的關係。\r\n\r\n本研究以自陳問卷蒐集資料，第一部分收集1557份線上問卷，得有效樣本1265份，結果發現創業者的創新性、壓力忍受及深思反省都顯著高於未創業者，苦惱自責則沒有差異。第二部分的研究對象為104年度「創新創業激勵計畫(From IP to IPO, FITI)」入圍初選的創業團隊(競賽初期)，並重複測量成功晉級第二(競賽中期)及第三階段(競賽後期)之團隊。總計發出631份問卷，回收490份，回收率78%，共54組團隊。結果發現初期深思反省和中期苦惱自責能正向預測創業團隊是否晉級下一階段。重複測量入圍第三階段的團隊，發現競賽後期的壓力忍受顯著比競賽初期的高，競賽中期的苦惱自責顯著高於競賽初期。創業團隊的心理屬性中，初期深思反省及初期壓力忍受皆能正向預測初期及中期的創新性，中期壓力忍受能正向預測中期創新性，後期壓力忍受能正向預測後期創新性。此外，初期壓力忍受能完全中介初期深思反省與中期創新性之間的關係。

Starting a business helps the country`s economy and in recent years, there are various business plan contests held by the Taiwan`s government and industries, wishing to encourage people to start business and help the starters to make their businesses more successful. Although there are many literatures that studied on successful start-up, there are not many studies really explored on the factors of succeed among different contests and entrepreneurial team members’ psychological processes during the contests. Therefore, in this study the researcher attempts to explore the impact brought by the psychological traits on the performance of entrepreneurial teams from the perspective of psychological process. \r\n\r\nThere is a positive correlation between an entrepreneur`s innovativeness and entrepreneurial success. The high failure rate and workload put an entrepreneur in an environment with high pressure for long period of time, and therefore only the entrepreneur with high stress tolerance will stand out. In addition, the way entrepreneurs respond to stress and frustration, such as rumination, will also have influence on the performance, so in this study, these psychological traits, such as innovativeness, stress tolerance and rumination (brooding rumination and reflective pondering rumination) as the predictor variables, in order to understand the role of these psychological traits in business plan contests and the relation among them.\r\n\r\nIn the study, the researcher collected data by the approach of self-report questionnaires. Through the first part of collecting online questionnaires,the statistical survey was proceed with 1265 effective samples from 1557 questionnaires, and the results showed the entrepreneur’s traits such as innovativeness, stress tolerance and reflective pondering were significantly higher than non-entrepreneurs, and as to the trait of brooding, there is no difference. The participants in the second part are 54 entrepreneur teams attended 2015 FITI held by the Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology. The results showed that, referring to the reflective pondering in the early stage and brooding in the middle stage can positively predict if the entrepreneurial teams could stay till the next stage. After repeatedly measuring the teams who successfully selected into the late stage, the researcher found that the stress tolerance they endured in the late stage of contest is significantly higher than the early stage of contest, and their brooding is significantly higher in the early stage than the middle stage of contest. Among the psychological traits of entrepreneurial teams, the reflective pondering and the stress tolerance in the early stage both can positively predict the innovativeness of early and middle stages, as the stress tolerance in the middle stage can positively predict the innovativeness in the middle stage, and the stress tolerance in the late stage can positively predict the innovativeness in the late stage. In addition, early stage stress tolerance can fully mediate the relation between early stage reflective pondering and middle stage innovativeness.