整體國土利用觀點下再生能源設施設置問題與處理對策之分析-以太陽光電、風力發電與地熱為例(I)

Abstract

風能與光電屬於政府推動再生能源發展的主要能源類型。然而，二者皆在近年陸續發生土地利用方面之爭議。本研究透過分析風電與光電用地的特徵，以及二者對於環境衝擊的因素，歸納二者在土地利用控管上應該注意的元素，藉以檢討我國現行相關法制的改善方向。 針對風電的部分，雖然其占有空間不大，對於其基地之地表利用原則上亦較為不生直接之干擾。但其對於環境之衝擊，著眼於噪音、投影、景觀等因素，皆應納入開發時之審查。況且，基於風電經濟效益的考量，良好風力條件地區的風電設施以風場模式運作為佳，更使得選址應該更加謹慎。故本研究主張一方面應避免直接對個別土地容許不經官方控管的任意設置行為，另方面則建議在各級國土計畫中，先期調查、劃設適合發展風電之地區，俾使風電開發能夠擁有良好之經濟效益。並透過如此之運作，希望風機、風場的開發設置成為有系統、有計畫控管之情形，必能將其對周邊土地利用的直接衝擊影響最小化或和諧化。 至於光電部分，其特性在於設置完成後對環境衝擊很小，與基地利用之相容性高。近年甚囂塵上關於光電搶奪農地之論點，經本研究分析，認為實際上乃誤將設置技術面問題與經濟誘因與農地保護問題混為一談之結果。有鑑於此，本研究分析結果認為光電設置於農地問題，仍應先將光電設施設置技術要求予以規範，並使之可以被主管機關所審查控制者，亦較適合採用個案許可方式控管，或由各級國土計畫劃出特定之光電發展專區以收集中開發之效果。

Both wind energy and PV belong to the mainstream of the renewable energyforms , which are supported by Taiwan government. Recently met the developments of wind power and PV strong resistence, which are caused by land use conflicts and enviromental consideration. This study focuses on this phenomenon and tries to figuer out their solutions from the legal perspective. The wind power has some some problematic with its enviromental impact, especially the noise, shade and landscape issues. Wich means, that these factors must be integrated into the planning procedure of wind power ( farm) projects and can be checked and monitored by local goverments. It`s also vital, that to ensure the specified area for wind power developments with planning tools like regional plans or exclusionary zoning. Other than wind farm, PV devices can be installed witout harm in their enviroment because of their high compatibility with other land use forms. The these about phenomenon, that the agrarland grabbed by PV installments , is anyway as false classified by this study. As result state this study the requirments for a regulation of technical norm in order to control the PV installing projects in land.