台灣新移民女性社區參與之研究：社會資本理論的觀點

Abstract

截止2018年1月止，台灣外籍、大陸地區和港澳地區配偶人數總計達53萬餘人，已成為台灣另一個非常重要的新興族群。新移民女性的社區參與和社會參與活動，有助於建構社會支持網絡、累積社會資本；不僅可改善新移民女性個體的在台生活品質，也將對抗主流霸權的「低劣他者」論述，形塑新移民女性的主體論述，進而影響移民法令與政策的修訂，對於國家邁入真正的多元文化與社會共榮，會產生正面與積極的影響。\r\n\r\n本研究即試圖從社會資本的觀點，論述新移民女性的社區參與經驗，並試圖提出新移民女性建構社會資本和社會支持網絡的對策，也期能作為新移民女性與家庭福利政策之參考。緣此，本研究擬提出下列幾個研究問題：\r\n1、新移民女性社區參與的動機、方式、內容和困難為何？\r\n2、透過社區參與、新移民女性如何建構其社會網絡和累積社會資本？\r\n3、反思新移民女性社區參與的成功經驗，與現行新移民服務實務工作進行對話。\r\n\r\n在研究方法上，本研究將以立意抽樣法並輔以滾雪球抽樣方法，對研究對象進行半結構性訪談。本研究結果發現，新移民女性社區參與的動機主要在於提昇自我發展和實現個人目標、獲取資源並拓展社會支持網絡、破除社會刻板印象。在影響新移民女性進入社區參與的因素中，強連結會更有助於弱連結的建立，強化新移民女性的社會支持網絡；而當強連結失效時，透過正式與非正式的社會支持網絡（弱連結），也可爲新移民女性提供工具性或情感性的支持，有助於其累積社會資本，進而轉化爲經濟資本、文化資本、政治資本等。就社會層面而言，將大大提高新移民女性在台灣的社會融合程度，以及建構多元包容的社會文化。

Taiwan’s new immigrants have totaled more than 5.3 million until January 2018，who have become another very important ethnic group in Taiwan. The female marriage immigrants who are from Southeast Asian countries and Mainland China are traditionally known as vulnerable groups, however, in recent years, more and more new female immigrants have actively participated in community activities, like volunteering in NGOs and getting involved in public affairs, which led to building their personal social support network and accumulating social capital.\r\n\r\nFrom the Social Capital Theory, in the first, this study intends to explore the new female immigrants’ motivation, experience and difficulty in the process of community participation; besides, to investigate how new female immigrants accumulate social capital through community participation; lastly, to conclude the suggestion for new female immigrants social welfare policy. By purposive sampling and accompanied by snowball sampling, qualitative data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with new female immigrants and senior social workers are collected.\r\n\r\nThe results showed that the motivations for new female immigrants to participate in community activities include self-development and achieve personal goals, obtain external resources, expand social network and prevent social discrimination. In the factors influencing participating in community activities, strong ties and weak ties are both very important to new female immigrants, especially when strong ties are broken, weak ties( formal and informal social network) could provide instrumental and emotional support, and then converted financial capital, cultural capital and political capital. From the social point of view, the community participation of new female immigrants , have greatly promoted social inclusion and culture diversity, worth paying more attention by government and social welfare policy.