經濟國策與企業行為：「一帶一路」倡議與中國大陸石油與鐵路產業的發展

Abstract

近幾年來中國大陸隨著自身經濟實力的增長，經濟國策在其大戰略的規劃中扮演著越來越重要的角色。從國際權力結構的分布我們可以合理期待身為強權的中國大陸採取擴張型的經濟國策，例如本文所探討的「一帶一路」倡議。然而經濟國策需要靠企業的經營行為予以落實，實際執行狀況不可避免地受到國內政商結構的影響。因此本文將企業視作經濟國策中最關鍵的執行者，並採取新古典現實主義的理論架構，探討企業與全球市場聯結度如何造成經濟國策政策預期以及具體實踐之間的落差。透過比較中國大陸石油與鐵路兩個產業，本文發現同樣受到中國大陸在國際政治權力格局中崛起的有利影響，兩個產業因市場化程度不同而受到全球市場波動的衝擊也不同，導致在執行「一帶一路」倡議時多元化的企業行為。

With the strengthening of its economic muscle, China has often adopted economic statecraft, rather than military forces, to alter other countries’ behavior. The “One Belt, One Road”（OBOR）strategy that was initiated in 2013 is a good example. This article, building upon a neoclassical realist framework and using the cases of petroleum and railway firms, explores the variations in firms’ behavior when they carry out the agendas of OBOR. The article also argues that while China’s expanding economic statecraft is a function of its rise to great power status in international politics, the firms involved also impact how the agendas are performed, despite them not being the primary player of the OBOR agendas. For example, when a firm links to the global market at a higher degree, it behaves more like a commercial actor rather than as policy agent.