「一帶一路」倡議與中俄在中亞的競爭與合作

Abstract

二千多年前的漢武帝，為打破匈奴的阻隔與推動中國與西方的經濟與貿易往來，世界歷史上最偉大的貿易路線──絲路，就此誕生。此貿易路線經過中國、中亞、阿拉伯、北非與羅馬帝國，流通著兩千年前東西方主要的貿易產品，舉凡對東、西方都有戰略性用途的物資：中國的絲綢、西方的藥與香料。而這條千年前的經貿大道主要推手是漢朝武帝時代重臣-張騫，在張騫的努力下，歷經千辛萬苦與突破重重阻礙後，中國在中亞及其周邊國家的外交活動穫得空前成功，周邊眾小國皆同意讓貿易路線經過其領土，絲路盛極一時。\n至今，絲路依舊極其重要！現代，面對美國與日本等海洋國家之包圍和不斷的挑戰，習近平2013年9月7日首次在哈薩克宣布「一帶一路」計畫，建立新的橫跨歐亞接壤西歐的貿易路線，此計劃再次復甦千年絲路，可視為兩千年後中國政府希望恢復中國作為世界經濟強國地位的一大步，作為對抗美、日等海權國家集團的重要工具。\n而「一帶一路」計畫主要的目的乃發展跨歐亞基礎建設，從陸路連結世界上三個最偉大的經濟中心中的兩個：西歐與中國，其路線經過的國家內部發展推動進而發展出外部全面性經濟一體化。對照過往「一帶一路」與新絲路最關鍵的共同點就是中亞身為不可或缺的角色，無論習近平，抑或是中國其他官員皆表示中亞區域對「一帶一路」發展與成功影響力最大，因此中國如何與中亞發展展開密切與全面性的經濟合作是最為緊要的。\n在「一帶一路」的西進浪潮下，中國首先要面對的是中亞和俄羅斯，其間的競爭與合作，以及外界之反應等，是本論文研究的原因。

More than two thousand years ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty broke the barriers of the Huns forces and established economic and trade relations between China and the West, though this the greatest trade route in world history- “Silk Road” was born. The reign of Emperor Wu-Zhang Wei, personally leaded numerous diplomatic tours to Central Asia and its neighboring countries and achieved unprecedented diplomatic success. The surrounding small countries of Central Asia agreed to let the trade route pass through its territory, since that time the “Silk Road” became most popular land route of the millennium.\nIn the new millennium, the concept of “Silk Road” is extremely important again! Facing the maritime encirclement by United States and its allies, Xi Jinping announced “One Belt and Road” initiative, which aimed to break through the maritime blockade, but also reestablish ancient trade route across Eurasia and Middle East reaching Western Europe and to restore China’s status of world economic power.\nThe main goal of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative is to promote development of infrastructure will connect two of the world`s three greatest economic centers: Western Europe and China. Another goal of Chinese initiative is to provide technological and investment resources to countries that joined the initiative boost economic development and integration with China.\nCentral Asia takes its key role in “One Belt One Road” initiative again. Not to mention that Xi Jinping and other Chinese officials publicly emphasized that the Central Asian region holds the key role for the success of “One Belt One Road”. Therefore, how to develop close and comprehensive economic cooperation with Central Asia is of the utmost importance for China in recent years.\nFocusing of “One Belt One Road” as greatest economic and diplomatic initiative of China in the new millennium, China must first face the reaction of Central Asian countries and Russia. Therefore, the goal of this paper in to undercover tendency for competition and cooperation between them and also the reaction of the outside world.