十二年國教新課綱對於國中國文教科書編輯之影響

Abstract

教科書猶如學校的心臟，因為學校的課程內容大多取決於教科書內容而來。現今新課綱特別重視核心素養、自主學習等理念，老師不僅要運用教科書建立素養導向的教學，教科書編輯團隊更要因應新課綱趨勢，翻轉既有的教科書架構，讓內容、習作及評量更加多元，方能滿足教學現場的迫切需求。\n\n 本研究旨在瞭解為因應新課綱國中國文教科書在編輯上的規劃及其特色。因此以翰林、康軒、南一三家出版社之編輯人員作為訪談對象，探究他們對於新課綱、素養的看法以及編輯理念。此外，本研究也訪談教科書使用者以瞭解他們對教科書的定位與使用需求。本研究設計採取質性研究方法，以半結構型深度訪談法蒐集資料，訪談對象包括國中國文教師和教科書編輯。\n\n 研究結果顯示，編輯認為新課綱注重跨領域、與生活連結的教材設計，其編輯理念則偏重增進字詞理解、加強閱讀及表達；而教師則將教科書視為媒介，其需求為選文內容要貼近生活、評量應加入簡答題等不同形式。至於教科書因應新課綱的規劃主要有擴大選文類型、結合閱讀與寫作、加強課程銜接、採用多元評量、引導自主學習等。\n\n 本研究建議：教育主管機關應保留教科書編撰作業時間、辦理編輯人員研習。教師應讓自身專業及教學方法與時俱進、學校圖書館應成為學習資源中心以支援學生自學。教科書編輯團隊應建立相關組織，了解教師需求，協調內容，以減少教師更換版本時的學習落差，並且加強自學選文的設計以落實自主學習之理念。

Textbooks are like the heart of a school teaching, which mostly depends on the contents of the curriculum guidelines. Nowadays, the new curriculum guidelines pay special attention to the concepts of core competencies and self-learning. Teachers should use textbooks to establish competency-oriented teaching. Moreover, the textbook editing teams have to build up the current textbook structures and make the contents, workbooks and evaluations more multiple. In that case, the textbooks can satisfy the urgent needs of the teaching.\n\nThe purpose of this study is to investigate the editorial plans about the characteristics of the Chinese textbooks in response to the new curriculum guidelines. Therefore, the editors of Hanlin, Kanghsuan and Nan-i Publishing Houses were interviewed to statement their ideas on the new curriculum guidelines, competencies, and editorial concepts. In addition, the study also interviewed textbook users to understand their positioning and use of textbooks. The research design adopts qualitative research methods and collects data by semi-structured in-depth interview. These interviewees include Chinese teachers and textbook editors.\n\nThe results of the study show the editors believe the new curriculum guidelines focus on cross-domain and the teaching materials which are related to students’ daily life. The concepts of the editors emphasizes the understanding of words and increase reading and expressions. Besides, teachers regard textbooks as a medium and they can extend them into different forms, such as the contents of the selected articles close to life and evaluations added to the short answer questions. As for textbooks connected to the new curriculum guidelines, there are mainly expanded types of articles, combinations with reading and writing, strengthening curriculum links, adopting multiple evaluations and guiding self-learning.\n\nThis study suggests that the education authority should give more time for the textbook compilation and organize the editorial. Teachers have to be qualified to update their teaching methods. School libraries have been transformed into a learning resource to support students’ self-learning. Also, the editorial teams of the textbooks need to set up a publishing conference to coordinate teaching contents in order to reduce the learning gap if teachers change textbook versions and extend the design of self-learning articles to implement the development of self-learning.