大學生緣觀信念對其性格主動程度與因應彈性的調節效果

Abstract

性格與思考習慣都是影響心理健康的重要因子，華人文化由於深受關係主義影響，人際互動常隨關係定位的不同而有特定倫理規範，於是易造成心理壓力，然而，在華人的文化思維裡卻也提供了自我修養的解方，其中與化解人際困境有關的信念就是「緣觀」，透過訴諸緣分降低心理壓力。由於此類文化信念能透過生命經驗與教育學習而納入個人認知基模，故為了解其是否具備可能的調節功效，本研究採橫斷式設計，初步分析緣觀信念對成年大學生心理適應的潛在影響，並以因應彈性做為測量指標，同時亦測量性格的主動程度。研究結果顯示，大學生的性格主動程度能顯著預測因應彈性，緣觀信念中的認命型緣觀不具調節效果，知命型緣觀則具調節效果，性格主動程度高的大學生在知命型緣觀較高時會有最佳的適應彈性；性格主動程度低的大學生則在知命型緣觀較低時有最佳的適應彈性。本研究提出以下結論：華人文化中特有的緣觀思維能與性格因素產生交互作用並發揮心理調適效果。本研究同時提出缺失與對後續研究的建議與展望，期能提供學理與實務面的啟示。

Chinese society often circulates the phrase “character determines fate.” In fact, human personality and thinking habits are important factors which can influence mental health. Additionally, Chinese society is deeply influenced by the cultural traditions of relationalism, and interpersonal interactions often have specific ethical norms. Therefore, these are also prone to psychological stress. However, some specific thoughts can also be the way to self-cultivation in the same cultural system. Yunafen is one of these cultural wisdom, in which the belief related to the resolution of interpersonal dilemmas and reduces mental stress. In order to understand whether it has the possible regulatory effect, the main purpose of the study is to explore the impact of undergraduate students’ proactive level of personality on their coping flexibility and take the yuanfen belief, a cultural mindset in Chinese social relationship, as the moderator variable. The main findings reveal that proactive personality can effectively predict coping flexibility and participants with higher level of proactive personality have higher scores of coping flexibility. The “accepting type of yuanfen belief” has no significant moderation effect, but the “knowing type of yuanfen belief” does. This shows that proactive personality has a strong impact on coping flexibility when the “knowing type of yuanfen belief” is high. Participants with high proactive personality have optimal coping flexibility when they have higher cultural cognition of “knowing type of yuanfen belief.” However, participants with low proactive personality have optimal coping flexibility when they have lower cultural cognition of “knowing type of yuanfen belief.” In conclusion, the specific cultural belief may have psychological adjustment effects, but it should encompass the situational and personal factors to develop the cultural intervention. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.