被篡奪的茅山宗師之地位

Abstract

南宋時代，在道教聖地的茅山，被稱為「宗師」的道士掌管上清經籙的傳授。歷代宗師以上清經籙的「宗壇」元符萬寧宮為據點進行宗教活動，作為南方道教界的重要人物而保持權威。但是，南宋末期，來自金華赤松山的道士朱知常篡奪了茅山宗師的地位。這個事件的背後存在著南宋時代特有的道教管理制度與蒙古侵攻南宋之前的混亂情況。本文希望通過這個篡奪事件背景的分析，對南宋時代的道觀制度、地方道士與南宋的中央政府的關係進行考察

In the Southern Song dynasty, Daoist Priests called ＂Zongshi 宗師＂ managed the transmission of the Highest Purity scriptures and registers 上清經籙at famous Daoism holy mountain Maoshan 茅山. The successive Zongshi were besed in Yuanfu Wanning gong 元符萬寧宮(also called Zongtan 宗壇)and conducted kinds of religious activities there, so they were regarded as authorities in Southern China Daoism then. However, in the final stages of Southern Song dynasty, Daoist priest called Zhu Zhichang 朱知常from Jinhua Chisongshan 金華赤松山 usurped the position of Zongshi of Maoshan. This incident was caused by some peculiar administration systems of Daoist monasteries at that time and the confusion of Maoshan in transition from Southern Song to Yuan dynasty. This paper elucidates the background of this incident and explains the administration systems of Daoist monasteries of Southern Song dynasty and the interaction of Daoist priests from some districts in the capital.