日本第二次安倍政權中東石油外交戰略研究：2012-2019年

Abstract

本研究主要討論日本第二次安倍政權時期，對中東石油外交之轉型與深化情形，並以沙烏地阿拉伯及伊朗等兩國為個案加以檢視。本研究認為，一國的領導人將以其國家利益視角為導向，做出符合該國利益的整體戰略行動。\n長期以來，日本受限於和平憲法，其外交及軍事極為仰賴美日同盟框架，安倍再次就任面臨福島核災後的能源轉向、美國頁岩油技術革新造成地緣政治風險提升等國內外情勢劇烈轉變，本研究試圖透過國家利益的視角，分別自政治外交及經濟能源層面加以檢視，中東石油之於日本國家利益優先順序是否有所提升。發現到安倍第二次政權時期的中東石油外交，分別透過《國家安全保障戰略》、《和平安全法制法案》以國家政策面加以維護，並鑲嵌至《能源基本計劃》及《經濟再興戰略》一環，以政、官力量引進民間企業涉入其中，透過經濟關係合作深化，加強日本對其外交能力。而透過個案分析，則能發現美日同盟框架下，美國與中東國家的關係好或壞，與日本拓展該國石油外交呈現正相關，並且隨著關係深化而呈現一定自主性。

The purpose of this study is to discuss the transformation and deepening of Middle East oil diplomacy strategy in the second term of Abe’s regime, and examine Saudi Arabia and Iran as examples. This study believes that the national strategy and actions are made by the leader’s cognition of the national interests.\nFor a long time, Japan has been constrained by its peaceful constitution, and its diplomacy and military strategy relied on the framework of the U.S.-Japan security alliance. Abe needed to deal with the energy shift after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, and the rising geopolitical risk caused by the innovation of the U.S. shale oil technology. This study attempts to examine whether the priority of Middle East oil diplomacy is lifted or not through Japan’s diplomacy, economy and energy strategy from the perspective of national interests.\nThe result of this study is that the Middle East oil diplomacy strategy in the second term of Abe’s regime has been maintained in its “National Security Strategy,” “Legislation for Peace and Security,” “Energy Basic Plan” and “Japan Revitalization Strategy.” Japan has strengthened its diplomacy capability through deepening economic relations with Middle East countries by the combination of government and private enterprises. And under the framework of the US-Japan security alliance, the relationship between U.S. and Middle East countries has a positive correlation with Japan’s development of the country’s oil diplomacy, and shows much more autonomy as their relationship deepens.