酗酒家庭成年前期子女復原力及保護因子探討

Abstract

研究者於輔導實務工作中觀察到身處酗酒家庭的青春期子女，不同於其他高風險家庭類型，父母酗酒議題多半不易被外人發現，甚至個案或家中成員也未覺察父母酗酒行為已影響青少年的生活適應。但其又常面臨多重家庭壓力合併，酒癮家長戒酒意願低、家庭困境難以短期有所調整等難處。回顧台灣的文獻，發現少數針對酗酒家庭子女生活適應的研究皆為橫斷性研究，無從回應促使復原力產生之保護因子短期與長期的影響效果。故本研究欲深入了解在父母酗酒的環境下對於子女青春期及成年前期生活適應的影響和影響酗酒家庭子女青春期與成年前期適應的保護因子。\n本研究首先透過多元迴歸分析和結構方程模型，以台灣青少年成長歷程研究資料庫(Taiwan Youth Project，TYP)之國一樣本第三波與第九波家長、學生與導師資料，了解父母酗酒對子女青春期與成年前期生活適應的影響。接著利用多元迴歸分析探索哪些保護因子可以預測青春期與成年前期子女的生活適應狀況。\n本研究結果顯示，父母酗酒對子女青春期偏差行為，和青春期與成年前期的課業低成就有顯著影響。未來成就期望、與母溝通意願和家庭凝聚力是酗酒家庭子女適應結果之保護因子，酗酒家庭子女青春期的偏差行為可以顯著預測成年前期心理健康問題。本研究發現期許提供助人工作者對如何協助酗酒家庭子女長、短期生活適應有更多的了解。

Researcher observes in the counselling practice that Children of Alcoholics are different from other high-risk family types. Parental alcoholism issues are not easy to be found by outsiders, and even cases or family members have not noticed that parental alcoholism has affected the life adaptation of young people, however, it often faces multiple family pressures. Looking back at Taiwan`s literature, it was found that a few studies on the adaptation of the children of alcoholics were cross-sectional studies, and it was impossible to respond to the short-term and long-term effects of protective factors that promote resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to deeply understand the effects of parental alcoholism on children`s adolescence and adulthood adaptation and the protective factors that affect the adolescent and adulthood of children with alcoholism.\nThis research first uses multiple regression analysis and structural equation models to use Taiwan Youth Project data to understand the effects of parental alcohol abuse on children`s adolescence and early adulthood. Then use multiple regression analysis to explore which protective factors can predict the adaptation of children in adolescence and adulthood.\nThe results of this study show that parental alcoholism has a significant effect on children`s problem behaviors in short-term and low academic achievement in both short- and long- term. The expectation of adolescence for future achievements, the willingness to communicate with the mother and family cohesion have major effects on children of alcoholics’ adaptation. This study can help Helping Professions have a better understanding of how to assist children of alcoholics to adapt to short-term and long-term life.