從經貿外交角度探討臺灣與斯洛伐克的雙邊關係（1993-2003年）

Abstract

本文旨在從經貿外交的角度探討臺灣在斯洛伐克設立代表處之前的兩國關係，特別著重於討論斯洛伐克作為中歐最後一個與臺灣建立實質關係國家的原因為何。由於斯洛伐克與中國的官方關係，以及斯洛伐克對「一個中國」政策的堅持，與臺灣建立任何關係都僅止於非正式層面。臺灣採取所謂「非正式外交」方式與中國的盟友建立實質關係，而經貿外交則是臺灣於1990年代與中歐和東歐採取的非正式外交手段之一。為確認臺灣辦事處延遲設立之因，本文的分析框架為先評估1990年代臺灣經貿外交對斯洛伐克的影響程度，然後探討是否因此導致雙方之間出現「不對稱互賴性關係」。本研究結果顯示，儘管臺灣自1990年代以來持續努力與所有中歐國家建立關係，但其與斯洛伐克的經貿外交似乎直到2000年代初才因為該國的國內政治變化而出現成效。據此，本研究認為斯洛伐克國內政治為臺灣代表處延遲設立的主要因素；1990年代斯洛伐克政府的兩個領導者對經濟發展採取不同的方針：Meciar的「經濟服務政治」和Dzurinda 的「政治服務經濟」，不同了方針因此決定了該國的外交政策、經濟改革及其對臺灣經貿外交的立場。本論文從經貿外交角度出發，以臺灣代表處延遲設立為例探討1993-2003臺灣與斯洛伐克外交關係所進行之研究的結果顯示，國內政治為影響臺灣經貿外交成效的重要因素，但在國際現實條件下，透過加強經貿關係仍為臺灣與他國建立實質性關係的重要雙邊關係模式。

This thesis seeks to provide an account of the relations between Taiwan and Slovakia before the opening of the representative offices with a special emphasis on the reasons that made Slovakia being one of the last countries in Central Europe to institutionalize its substantial relations with Taiwan. Given Slovakia‟s official relations with China and the „one China‟ policy to which Slovakia adheres, any relations with Taiwan are possible exclusively on the informal level. Taiwan establishes this kind of relationship with China‟s diplomatic allies through the so-called „informal‟ diplomacy. One tool of the informal diplomacy that had been adopted by Taiwan on Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s is the economic diplomacy. In order to identify the reasons behind the delay of the opening of the mutual offices, the analytical framework of the thesis aimed first to evaluate the degree of influence of Taiwan‟s economic diplomacy on Slovakia in the 1990s and then find out whether this resulted in an asymmetrical dependent relationship with Slovakia. The research revealed that although Taiwan had made efforts since the 1990s to establish relationship with all Central European countries, its economic diplomacy with Slovakia did not appear to be effective primarily due to the country`s domestic politics until the time of early 2000s. The domestic politics were thus identified as the most influential factor for explaining the delay of the opening of the representative offices. The different approaches of the two administrations that led Slovakia in the 1990s – „economy serving politics‟ under Mečiar‟s government and „politics serving economy‟ under Dzurinda‟s administration - determined the country‟s foreign policy, economic reforms and its attitude towards Taiwan‟s economic diplomacy. This thesis suggests a model of the bilateral relations that could help to understand the possible patterns of Taiwan‟s substantial relations with other countries built through the economic diplomacy.