高齡化對我國國家安全的影響—長照制度之研究

Abstract

人口高齡化的問題不僅複雜且影響範圍多面向，更是全球重要議題之一。我國在經歷了人口轉型階段後，已進入低生育低死亡階段；近年來由於我國生育率持續快速降低，加之國人平均壽命持續延長，高齡人口日漸攀升，扶養比攀升加劇勞動人口的負擔，根據行政院內政部統計指出，我國滿65歲以上的老年人口已於2018年達到331萬人，占總人口的14.1%，正式步入高齡社會，且將於2026年擠身超高齡社會。一個國家人口結構明顯老化影響所及不僅是個人或家庭，甚至影響到整個國家的總體發展。換言之，高齡化社會所衍生的問題已經深切影響社會結構，並牽涉經濟發展脈動與國家安全態勢。\n面對我國人口老化加速成長，如何讓政府與國人在高齡化社會的衝擊下，減少個人或家庭對於人口老化所衍生的照顧壓力與經濟負擔，且有效減緩國家與社會未來產生的弊病，政府除了應喚醒國人對高齡化問題的重視，更應規畫妥善的具體政策，並透過有效的人力運用，建構一套永久性的長期照護制度，讓國人與社會免於高齡化衝擊的恐懼，及其衍生對生命與財產的威脅，使國家與整體公民社會因完善的制度與人力運用政策構想，解決高齡化所引發的種種困境與問題。國家與人民也必須從國家利益與國民的核心價值建構一套國家照護體系—長期照護役，以有效整合國家資源與人力運用，藉由全體國人的力量納入國家與社會資源，建構長期照護安全體系，以有效和緩國家財政負擔與減少社會問題。

The problem of aging population is not only complicated and multi-faceted, but also one of the important issues in the world. Taiwan has entered a stage of low fertility and low mortality after undergoing a demographic transition; in recent years, due to the continuous rapid decline in fertility in Taiwan and the continuous increase in the average life expectancy of Taiwanese, the elderly population is gradually rising, and the rising dependency ratio has increased the burden on the working population. According to the statistics of the Ministry of the Interior, the elderly population over 65 years of age in Taiwan has reached 3.31 million in 2018, accounting for 14.1% of the total population. It has formally entered the advanced age society, and will be among the ultra-old age society in 2026. The obvious aging of a country ’s population structure affects not only individuals or families, but even the overall development of the entire country. In other words, the problems arising from an aging society have profoundly affected the social structure and involved economic development and national security.\nFaced with the accelerated growth of Taiwan`s aging population, how can the government and Taiwanese under the impact of an aging society reduce the pressure and economic burden of individuals or families for the aging population, and effectively reduce the future ills of the country and society. People should be awakened to pay attention to the issue of aging, and proper specific policies should be planned, and through the effective use of manpower, a permanent long-term care system should be constructed to protect the Taiwanese and society from the fear of aging. Derivation of threats to life and property has enabled the state and the entire civil society to use sound policy ideas to solve various dilemmas and problems caused by aging due to the perfect system and manpower. The country and the people must also build a national care system from the national interests and national core values—long-term care service, to effectively integrate national resources and human resources, and to integrate the power of all people into national and social resources to build a long-term care security system Let’s effectively ease the national financial burden and reduce social problems.