藝術祭與日本地方創生： 以大地藝術祭與瀨戶內國際藝術祭為例

Abstract

本研究基於公私協力理論，以日本大地藝術祭、瀨戶內國際藝術祭為研究對象，探討藝術祭所帶來的經濟社會效益與地方創生之關係，並討論其中參與主體：政府、NPO法人、志工之互動模式。主要採取文獻分析法、參與觀察法以及深度訪談法。研究結果發現，兩者藝術祭舉辦範圍地域特性落差大、促成地方觀光之主導主體與模式也有差異，但辦理目的皆為解決社會課題，同時皆有核心領導者，重視人與土地的關係，且願意投入大量時間，在此之下不同的參與主體皆能獲得成就感。研究結論如下：藝術活動若結合現地方脈絡能促成地方創生；綿密的公私協力交織之網絡為藝術祭成功要素；民間主導行政支援之水平協力模式，能讓公私協力體制運行更完備；當地住民意識若能提升並重視外部志工能讓效果加乘。

Based on the theory of public-private partnership, this study takes Japan’s Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale and Setouchi Triennale as research objects to explore the relationship between the economic and social benefits brought by art festival and regional revitalization, and discusses the participants involved, namely, government, NPO corporation, the interaction mode of volunteers. The methods of literature analysis, participation observation and in-depth interview are mainly adopted. The research findings reveal that there is a big difference in the regional characteristics of the two art festivals, and the leading subjects and models of local tourism are also different, but the purposes of them are to solve social issues, and there are core leaders who attach importance to the relationship between people and land, and are willing to invest a lot of time. In this way, different participants can get a sense of achievement. The conclusions of the study are as follows: a dense network of public-private partnership is the key factor for the success of the art festivals; the level of cooperation mode of folk leading administrative support can make the public-private partnership system more complete; the combination of art activities with the local context can promote regional revitalization; if the awareness of local residents can be improved and external volunteers are valued, the effect can be multiplied.