Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131927| 題名: | 社群媒體規範社會化:以中國現代女性主義為例 Social Media and Norm Socialization: the Case of Modern Feminism in China |
作者: | 羅培恩 Rapin, Nicolas |
貢獻者: | 盧 業中<br>王 韻<br>冷 則剛 Lu, Yeh-Chung<br>Wang, Yun<br>Leng, Tse-Kang 羅培恩 Rapin, Nicolas |
關鍵詞: | 社群媒 體與規範社會化 中國 女性主義 Social media Socialization China Feminism |
日期: | 2020 | 上傳時間: | 2-Sep-2020 | 摘要: | 阿拉伯之春以來，國際關係學者開始論辯社群媒體強化社會運動以及加速國際規範社會化的能力，許多人將社群媒體視為"解放工具"，蓋之允許市民分享資訊、有效動員、並與全球互動。雖然這些論點得到相當的關注，但仍對社群媒體之於規範社會化的影響討論不深，另外，社群媒體作為反抗國家霸權的力量也正受到質疑。本文將藉由研究中國女性主義運動和以新浪微博作為提倡女權工具的使用，探討社群媒體在中國規範社會化的優勢、缺失、與限制。 Following the Arab Spring, International Relations’ scholars began to debate social media’s capacity to foster social movements and promote the socialization of international norms. Social media are seen by many as a “liberation technology,” allowing citizens to share\ninformation, mobilize more efficiently, and interact with a global audience. While these arguments have received considerable attention, they only partially explore the question of social media’s impacts on the prospect of a norm socialization process. Furthermore, many voices have raised to contest social media capacities to defy a state’s power.\n\nThis thesis explores the strength, weakness, and limitations of social media on the prospect of a norm socialization process in the People’s Republic of China by focusing on Chinese feminist movements and their use of the Chinese social media Sina Weibo as a way of promoting women’s rights. |
參考文獻: | Ackerly, Brooke, and Jacqui True. 2018. “With or without Feminism? Researching Gender and Politics in the 21st Century.” European Journal of Politics and Gender 1 (1): 259–78.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1332/251510818X15272520831210.\n\nAlina Mungiu-Pippidi, and Igor Munteanu. 2009. “Moldova’s ‘Twitter Revolution.’” Journal of Democracy 20 (3): 136–42.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0102.\n\nAmnesty International. 2018. “Two Years On: Is China`s Domestic Violence Law Working?.”March 7.\nhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2018/03/is-china-domestic-violence-lawworking/.\n\nBao, Han. 2019. “‘Rice Bunnies’ – #MeToo in China: A Hashtag Movement and Women’s Empowerment through Social Media.” In London Electronic Visualisation and the Arts 2019 Conference: 8-11.\nhttps://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2019.14.\n\nBeach, Sophie. 2015. “Progress and Setbacks for Women’s rights Activists.” China Digital Times, March 9.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/03/progress-setbacks-womens-rights-activists/.\n\nBeach, Sophie. 2015. “Five Women’s rights Activists Criminally Detained.” China Digital Times, March 13.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/03/five-womens-rights-activists-criminally-detained/.\n\nBeach, Sophie. 2015 “Supporters of Feminists Activists Under Pressure.” China Digital Times, March 26.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/03/supporters-of-feminist-activists-face-increasing-pressure.\n\nBeach, Sophie. 2015. “Sensitive Words: Release of the ‘Feminist Five’.” China Digital Times, April 16.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/04/sensitive-words-release-of-the-feminist-five/.\n\nBertot, John C., Paul T. Jaeger, and Justin M. Grimes. 2010. “Using ICTs to Create a Culture of Transparency: E-Government and Social Media as Openness and Anti-Corruption Tools for Societies.” Government Information Quarterly 27 (3): 264–71.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001.\n\nBhandari, Bibek. 2017. “Guangdong’s Subway Cars for Women Confuse Many, Convince Few.” Sixth Tones June 29.\nhttp://www.sixthtone.com/news/1000429/guangdongs-subway-cars-for-women-confusemany%2C-convince-few.\n\nBoyd, Danah M, and Nicole B. Ellison. 2007. “Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13 (1): 210–30.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.\n\nBranigan, Tania. 2015. “China rejects international pleas to release five feminists from jail.”The Guardian, March 25.\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/25/china-rejects-release-five-detainedfeminist-activists-international-womens-day.\n\nBunch, Charlotte. 1990. “Women’s rights as Human rights: Toward a Re-Vision of Human rights.” Human rights Quarterly 12 (4): 486–98.\nhttps://doi.org/10.2307/762496.\n\nCao, Jin, and Xinlei Lu. 2014. “A Preliminary Exploration of the Gay Movement in Mainland China: Legacy, Transition, Opportunity, and the New Media.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 39 (4): 840–48.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1086/675538.\n\nCBS News. 2017. “More than 12M ‘MeToo’ Facebook posts, comments, reactions in 24 hours.” October 17.\nhttps://www.cbsnews.com/news/metoo-more-than-12-million-facebook-posts-commentsreactions-24-hours/.\n\nChan, Chris King-chi. 2013. “Community-based organizations for migrant workers’ rights: the emergence of labour NGOs in China.” Community Development Journal 48 (1): 6–22.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bss001.\n\nChappell, Louise. 2006. “Contesting Women’s rights: Charting the Emergence of a Transnational Conservative Counter-Network.” Global Society 20 (4): 491–520.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/13600820600929853.\n\nChen, Xiaoyan, and Peng Hwa Ang. 2011. “Internet Police in China: Regulation, Scope and Myths.” In Online Society in China: Creating, Celebrating, and Instrumentalising the Online Carnival, by David Herold and Peter Marolt, 40–52. New York: Routledge.\n\nChertoff, Michael, and Anders Fogh Rasmussen. 2019. “The Unhackable Election.” Foreign Affairs, 98 (1): 156-164.\nhttps://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018-12-11/unhackable-election\n\nChina Daily. 2017. “Guangzhou plans women-only subway cars at rush hour.”June 24.\nhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-06/24/content_29869298.html.\n\nChinaFile. 2017.“Fact Sheet on China’s Foreign NGO Law.” Retrieved on May 27, 2020\nhttps://www.chinafile.com/ngo/latest/fact-sheet-chinas-foreign-ngo-law.\n\nChina Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC). “Statistical Report on Internet Development in China.” Retrieved on May 25, 2020\nhttp://cnnic.com.cn/IDR/ReportDownloads/201911/P020191112539794960687.pdf.\n\nChina Labor Bulletin. 2019. “Workplace discrimination.” April 15. Retrieved on May 21 2020.\nhttps://clb.org.hk/content/workplace-discrimination.\n\nCommittee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. 2014. “Concluding observations on the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of China,” November 7: 1-15\nhttps://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/cedaw_concluding_observations_en_2014.pdf.\n\nDeibert, Ronald J. 2002. “Dark Guests and Great Firewalls: The Internet and Chinese Security Policy.” Journal of Social Issues 58 (1): 143–59.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00253.\n\nDella Porta, Donatella. 2020. “Democratic Innovations and Social Movements.” In Social Movements - An Introduction, Third Edition, by Donatella Della Porta and Mario Diani, 1-31.Wiley Blackwell.\n\nDella Ratta, Donatella, and Augusto Valeriani. 2012. “Remixing the Spring!: Connective leadership and read-write practices in the 2011 Arab uprisings.” Cyber Orient, 6 (1): 52-76\nhttps://cyberorient.net/wpcontent/uploads/sites/3/2020/03/CyberOrient_Vol_6_Iss_1.pdf#page=52.\n\nDeng, Guosheng. 2010. “The Hidden Rules Governing China’s Unregistered NGOs: Management and Consequences.” China Review 10 (1): 183–206.\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23462247.\n\nDiani, Mario. 1992. “The Concept of Social Movement.” The Sociological Review 40 (1): 1-25.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1992.tb02943.x.\n\nDirlik, Arif. 2006. “Beijing Consensus: Beijing "Gongshi." Who Recognizes Whom and to What End?.” Globalization and Autonomy Online Compendium: 1-9.\nhttp://www.chinaelections.org/uploadfile/200909/20090918025246335.pdf\n\nEltantawy, Nahed, and Julie B. Wiest. 2011. “Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory.” International Journal of Communication 5 (2011): 1207–1224\nhttps://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/1242/597 .\n\nEyler, Samantha. 2015. “Exporting Feminism,” Foreign Affairs, May 28, 2015.\nhttps://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-05-28/exporting-feminism.\n\nFeenstra, Ramón A. 2017. “Essay: Rethinking Global Civil Society and the Public Sphere in the Age of Pro-Democracy Movements.” Journal of Civil Society 13 (3): 337–48.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2017.1359886.\n\nFeng, Jiayun. 2018. “‘I Am A Woman Worker At Foxconn, And I Demand A System That Opposes Sexual Harassment’: A Translated Essay.” SupChina, January 26.\nhttps://supchina.com/2018/01/26/i-am-a-woman-worker-at-foxconn-demand-system-opposessexual-harassment/.\n\nFeng, Jiayun. 2018. " Chinese Social Media Censors Feminist Voices." SupChina, March 9.\nhttps://supchina.com/2018/03/09/chinese-social-media-censors-feminist-voices/.\n\nFeng, Jiayun. 2018. “Hangzhou Introduces China’s First Legal Mechanism For Combating On-Campus Sexual Harassment.” Supchina, August 6.\nhttps://supchina.com/2018/08/06/hangzhou-introduces-chinas-first-legal-mechanism-forcombating-on-campus-sexual-harassment/.\n\nFerree, Myra Marx, and Carol McClurg Mueller. 2005. “Feminism and the Women’s Movement: A Global Perspective.” In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi. 576–608. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.\n\nFincher, Leta Hong. 2016. “China’s Feminist Five.” Dissent 63 (4): 84–90.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1353/dss.2016.0078.\n\nFincher, Leta Hong. 2018. “China Is Attempting To Muzzle #MeToo.” NPR, February 1.\nhttps://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/02/01/582167268/china-is-attempting-to-muzzlemetoo.\n\nFinnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998.“International Norm Dynamics and Political\nChange.” International Organization 52 (4): 887–917.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789.\n\nFleay, Caroline. 2006. “Human rights, Transnational Actors and the Chinese Government: Another Look at the Spiral Model.” Journal of Global Ethics 2 (1): 43–65.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/17449620500319387.\n\nFleay, Caroline. 2012. “Transnational Activism, Amnesty International and Human rights in China: The Implications of Consistent Civil and Political Rights Framing.” The International Journal of Human rights 16 (7): 915–30.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2011.635340.\n\nForeign & Commonwealth Office. 2015. “Foreign Office concerned by detention of Women’s rights activists in China.” Mar. 24.\nhttps://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-office-concerned-by-detention-of-womensrights-activists-in-china.\n\nFriedman, Elisabeth Jay. 2003. “Gendering the Agenda: The Impact of the Transnational Women’s rights Movement at the UN Conferences of the 1990s.” Women’s Studies International Forum 26 (4): 313–331.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5395(03)00077-3.\n\nFukuyama, Francis. 2012. “Women and the Evolution of World Politics,” Foreign Affairs, May 13, 2012.\nhttps://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1998-09-01/women-and-evolution-world-politics.\n\nGladwell, Malcom. 2010. “Why the revolution will not be tweeted.” The New Yorker October 4 Issue: 1-6\nhttps://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-malcolm-gladwell\n\nGreenhalgh, Susan, and Xiying Wang. 2019. “China’s Feminist Fight, #MeToo in the Middle Kingdom.” Foreign Affairs 98 (4): 170-176\n\nGreitens, Sheena Chestnut. 2013. “Authoritarianism Online: What Can We Learn from Internet Data in Nondemocracies?” Political Science & Politics 46 (02): 262–70.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096513000346.\n\nHenochowicz, Anne. 2015. “Sensitive Words: Women’s rights Activists Detained.” China Digital Times, March 18.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/03/sensitive-words-womens-rights-activists-detained/.\n\nHernández, Javier C. 2019. “She’s on a #MeToo Mission in China, Battling Censors and Lawsuits” New York Times, January 4.\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/04/world/asia/china-zhou-xiaoxuan-metoo.html.\n\nHo, Gwyneth and Grace Tsoi. 2018. “Will #MeToo spread in China?.” BBC News. January 6.\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-42577654.\n\nHongyu. 2018. “Civil Code Draft Backs the Victims of Sexual Harassers.” People’s Daily Online, August 28.\nhttp://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0828/c90000-9494683.html.\n\nHongxia, Fan and Jiang Xiuhua. 2019. “The Evaluation and Analysis of the Government’s Entity Responsibilities of Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s Development.” China\nHuman Rights Journal 18 (3)\nhttp://www.chinahumanrights.org/html/2019/MAGAZINES_1023/14006.html.\n\nHowell, Jude. 2003 “Women`s Organizations and Civil Society in China Making a Difference.” International Feminist Journal of Politics, 5 (2): 191-215.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/1461674032000080567.\n\nHuman Rights In China. 2014. “Suggested questions and issues to be raised with the Chinese government in advance of the fifth review of its implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,” January 24: 1-26\nhttps://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/hric_cedaw_pre_sessional_submission.pdf.\n\nHuman rights in China. 2015. “HRIC Law Note: Five Detained Women Released On “Guarantee Pending Further Investigation.” April 13.\nhttps://www.hrichina.org/en/legal-resources/hric-law-note-five-detained-women-releasedguarantee-pending-further-investigation.\n\nHussain, Muzammil M., and Philip N. Howard. 2012. “Opening Closed Regimes.” In Digital Media and Political Engagement Worldwide, by Eva Anduiza, Michael James Jensen, and Laia Jorba, 200–220. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139108881.011.\n\nIsa, Daud, and Itai Himelboim. 2018. “A Social Networks Approach to Online Social Movement: Social Mediators and Mediated Content in #FreeAJStaff Twitter Network.” Social\nMedia + Society 4 (1): 1-14.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118760807.\n\nInternational Center for Not-For-Profit Law (ICNL). 2020. “China.” Retrieved on May 27, 2020\nhttps://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/china.\n\nJacobs, Andrew. 2015. “Taking Feminist Battle to China’s Streets, and Landing in Jail.” New York Times, April 5.\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/06/world/asia/chinese-womens-rights-activists-fall-afoulof-officials.html.\n\nKhagram, Sanieev, James V. Riker, and Kathryn Sikkink. 2002. “From Santiago to Seattle:Transnational Advocacy Groups Restructuring World Politics,” in Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms by Sanieev Khagram, Jame Riker, and Kathryn Sikkink. 3-23. University of Minnesota Press.\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttsc5q\n\nKeck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. 1999.“Transnational Advocacy Networks in International and Regional Politics.” International Social Science Journal 51 (159): 89–101.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00179.\n\nKennedy, Scott. 2010. “The Myth of the Beijing Consensus.” Journal of Contemporary China 19 (65): 461-477.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10670561003666087.\n\nKing, Gary, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E. Roberts. 2013. “How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression.” American Political Science Review 107 (2): 326–43.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000014.\n\nKing, Gary, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E. Roberts. 2017. “How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, Not Engaged Argument.” American\nPolitical Science Review 111 (3): 484–501.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000144.\n\nKirby, Paul. 2013. “How Is Rape a Weapon of War? Feminist International Relations, Modes of Critical Explanation and the Study of Wartime Sexual Violence.” European Journal of\nInternational Relations 19 (4): 797–821.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1354066111427614.\n\nKrook, Mona Lena, and Jacqui True. 2012. “Rethinking the Life Cycles of International Norms: The United Nations and the Global Promotion of Gender Equality.” European\nJournal of International Relations 18 (1): 103–27.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1354066110380963.\n\nKuo, Lily. 2018. "From ‘rice bunny’ to ‘back up the car’: China’s year of censorship.” The Guardian, December 31\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/31/from-rice-bunny-to-back-up-the-car-chinasyear-of-censorship.\n\nLam, Nuala Gathercole. 2017. “Guangzhou Police Search House of Feminist Activists.” Sixth Tone, June 27.\nhttp://www.sixthtone.com/news/1000415/guangzhou-police-search-house-of-feminist-activist\n\nLanteigne, Mark, 2020. “Chinese Foreign Policy, An Introduction,” Fourth Edition, Routledge London and New York.\n\nLau, Mimi. 2019. “Police detain Chinese #MeToo activist Sophia Huang Xueqin on public order charge.” South China Morning Post, October 24.\nhttps://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3034389/police-detain-chinese-metooactivist-sophia-huang-xueqin-public.\n\nLevitt, Peggy, and Sally Merry. 2009. “Vernacularization on the Ground: Local Uses of Global Women’s rights in Peru, China, India and the United States.” Global Networks 9 (4): 441–61.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2009.00263.x.\n\nLi, Jun, and Xiaoqin Li. 2017. “Media as a Core Political Resource: The Young Feminist Movements in China.” Chinese Journal of Communication 10 (1): 54–71.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2016.1274265.\n\nLi, Xueqing, Francis L. Lee, and Li Ying. 2016. “The Dual Impact of Social Media Under Networked Authoritarianism: Social Media Use, Civic Attitudes, and System Support in\nChina.” International Journal of Communication 10 (2016): 5143–5163.\nhttps://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/issue/view/12.\n\nLiang, Jun. 2018. “Chinese Authorities Taking Measures to Prevent Sexual Harassment at Universities” People’s Daily Online, January 16.\nhttp://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0116/c90000-9316078.html.\n\nLim, Lisa. 2018. " China’s #MeToo censorship bypassed through netizens’ creative use of language.” South China Morning Post, March 2.\nhttps://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/2134847/chinas-metoocensorship-bypassed-through.\n\nLin, Tony. 2017. “End of the Line for Subway Ad Against Sexual Harassment.” Sixth Tone, April 28.\nhttp://www.sixthtone.com/news/1000123/end-of-the-line-for-subway-ad-against-sexualharassment.\n\nLin, Zhongxuan. 2019. “Corporeal Media of Visibility: Visualizing Feminist Activisms in China.” Feminist Media Studies 19 (2): 300–301.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2019.1573535.\n\nLin, Xu and Li Wenfang. 2012. “Toilet occupation group is flushed with success.” China Daily, February 27.\nhttp://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-02/27/content_14696200.htm.\n\nLiu, Yang. 2015. “Tweeting, Re-Tweeting, and Commenting: Microblogging and Social\nMovements in China.” Asian Journal of Communication 25 (6): 567–83.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2015.1013971.\nLu, Shen and Mengwen Cao. 2019. “Thwarted at Home, Can China’s Feminists Rebuild a Movement Abroad?.” ChinaFile, August 28.\nhttps://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/postcard/thwarted-home-can-chinas-feministsrebuild-movement-abroad.\n\nLuo Ruiyao (罗瑞垚). 2018. Nusheng jubao beihang jiaoshi xingsaorao: Gaoxiao weihe pin fa shifei? (女生舉報北航教師性騷擾：高校為何頻發是非？, Girls report sexual harassment by teachers of Beihang University: Why do colleges frequently get into troubles?) Caixin, January 3\nhttp://china.caixin.com/2018-01-03/101192699.html.\n\nMacKinnon, Rebecca. 2011. “China’s ‘Networked Authoritarianism.’” Journal of Democracy 22 (2): 32–46.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2011.0033.\n\nMarolt Peter. 2011. “Grassroots agency in a civil sphere? Rethinking Internet control in China.” In Online Society in China: Creating, Celebrating, and Instrumentalising the Online Carnival, by David Herold and Peter Marolt, 53–69. New York: Routledge.\n\nMilanovic, Branko. 2020. “The Clash of Capitalisms: The Real Fight for the Global Economy’s Future.” Foreign Affairs 99 (1): 10–21.\nhttps://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2019-12-10/clash-capitalisms.\n\nMoghadam, Valentine M., 2005. “Globalizing Women, An Introduction an Overview.” In Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks, by Valentine M. Moghadam, 1–21. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.\n\nMorton, Katherine. 2005. “The Emergence of NGOs in China and Their Transnational Linkages: Implications for Domestic Reform.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 59\n(4): 519–32.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10357710500367315.\n\nMudie, Luisetta. 2020. “China Jails Hubei Bank Clerk For Critical Social Media Posts.”Radio Free Asia (RFA), May 6.\nhttps://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/clerk-05062020112829.html.\n\nObar, Jonathan A., and Steven S. Wildman. 2015. “Social Media Definition and the Governance Challenge: An Introduction to the Special Issue.” SSRN Electronic Journal.\nhttps://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2637879.\n\nPaxton, Pamela, Melanie M. Hughes, and Jennifer L. Green. 2006. “The International Women’s Movement and Women’s Political Representation, 1893–2003.” American\nSociological Review 71 (6): 898–920.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1177/000312240607100602.\n\nPerret, Virgile. 2006. “Civil Society in International Relations : A Typology of Roles and Political Functions.” In XXth World Congress of the International Political Science Association: 1-30\nhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/257325636.\n\nQin, Bei, David Strömberg and Wu Yanhui. 2017. “Why Does China Allow Freer Social Media? Protests versus Surveillance and Propaganda.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 31 (1): 117–40.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.1.117.\n\nQiu, Lin, Han Lin, Chi-yue Chiu and Pan Liu. 2015. “Online Collective Behaviors in China: Dimensions and Motivations: Online Collective Behaviors in China.” Analyses of Social\nIssues and Public Policy 15 (1): 44–68.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12049.\n\nRappaport, Helen. 2001. “Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers.” 125-126. California: ABC-CLIO\n\nRay, Deepa and Monideepa Tarafdar. 2017. "How does Twitter Influence a Social Movement?” In Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS)\nhttp://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2017_rip/60\n\nReporters Without Borders. 2020. “China: celebrity blogger gets 4 years in jail for criticizing Communist Party.” May 27.\nhttps://rsf.org/en/news/china-celebrity-blogger-gets-4-years-jail-criticizing-communist-party.\n\nReuter, Ora John, and David Szakonyi. 2015. “Online Social Media and Political Awareness in Authoritarian Regimes.” British Journal of Political Science 45 (1): 29–51.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123413000203.\n\nRisse Thomas, and Kathryn Sikkink.1999. “The socialization of international Human rights norms into domestic practices: introduction” In The Power of Human rights: International Norms and Domestic Change by Thomas Risse, 1-38. New York: Cambridge University Press.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511598777.\n\nRød, Espen Geelmuyden, and Nils B Weidmann. 2015. “Empowering Activists or Autocrats? The Internet in Authoritarian Regimes.” Journal of Peace Research 52 (3): 338–51.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0022343314555782.\n\nRoggeband, Conny. 2016. “Ending Violence against Women in Latin America: Feminist Norm Setting in a Multilevel Context.” Politics & Gender 12 (1): 143–67.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X15000604.\n\nRudolph, Josh. 2015 “China Free Five Women Activists on Bail after Outcry.” China Digital Times, April 13.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/04/china-frees-five-women-activists-on-bail-after-outcry/.\n\nRudolph, Josh. 2018. "Despite Significant Effort, China #MeToo Stuggles.” China Digital Times, January 9.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/2018/01/despite-significant-effort-chinas-metoo-struggles/.\n\nShen, Fei, Chuanli Xia, and Marko Skoric. 2020. “Examining the Roles of Social Media and Alternative Media in Social Movement Participation: A Study of Hong Kong’s Umbrella\nMovement.” Telematics and Informatics 47 (April): 1-54.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101303.\n\nShirky, Clay. 2011. “The Political Power of Social Media: Technology, the Public Sphere, and Political Change.” Foreign Affairs 90 (1): 28–41.\nhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25800379.\n\nSi, Cheng. 2018. “Mechanism to prevent harassment.” China Daily, January 16.\nhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201801/16/WS5a5d3574a3102c394518f602.html.\n\nSikkink, Kathryn. 2005. “Patterns of Dynamic Multilevel Governance and the InsiderOutsider Coalition,” In Transnational Protest and Global Activism, by Donatella Della Porta and Sidney Tarrow, 151-175. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.\n\nSina Weibo.2020. “Annual Report 2019.” Retrieved on May 24, 2020 http://ir.weibo.com/static-files/9537b1c6-da60-4bd4-8c66-9393d72ca7a3.\n\nSnyder, Margaret. 2006. “Unlikely Godmother: The UN and the Global Women’s Movement.” In Global Feminism: Transnational Women’s Activism, Organizing, and Human\nrights by Ferree, Myra Marx Ferree and Aili Mari Tripp. 24–51. New York: NYU Press.\n\nSouth China Morning Post and Abacus. 2019. “China Internet Report 2019.” Retrieved on May 24, 2020\nhttps://www.scmp.com/china-internet-report.\n\nSperling, Valerie, Myra Marx Ferree, and Barbara Risman. 2001. “Constructing Global Feminism: Transnational Advocacy Networks and Russian Women’s Activism.” Signs:\nJournal of Women in Culture and Society 26 (4): 1155–86.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1086/495651.\n\nStatista, 2019. “Number of social network users in selected countries in 2018 and 2023”Retrieved on 15 December 2019\nhttps://www.statista.com/statistics/278341/number-of-social-network-users-in-selectedcountries/\n\nStatista, 2020.”Active social network penetration in selected countries as of January 2020.”Retrieved on 27 May 2020\nhttps://www.statista.com/statistics/282846/regular-social-networking-usage-penetrationworldwide-by-country/.\n\nStatista, 2020. “Global digital population as of April 2020” Retrieved on May 27, 2020\nhttps://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/\n\nSui-Lee, Wee and Giulia Marchi. 2018. “China’s Women-Only Subway Cars, Where Men Rush In.” New York Times, March 4.\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/04/business/china-women-only-subway-cars.html.\n\nSui-Lee, Wee and Michael Martina. 2015. “China peeved as Hillary Clinton denounces women`s detention.” Reuters, Apr. 07, 2015\nhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-rights-idUSKBN0MY0KD20150407.\n\nSeverdia, Sandra. 2017. Zhang leilei | tamen shuo: Ni bixu jiao ting ni faqi de fan xingsaorao xingdong (張累累｜他們說：你必須叫停你發起的反性騷擾行動, Zhang Lelei｜They\nsaid: You must stop your anti-sexual harassment operation) China Digital Times, May 18.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/2017/05/张累累｜他们说：你必须叫停你发起的反性骚扰行/.\n\nTam, Jonathan, and Reza Hasmath. 2015. “Navigating Uncertainty: The Survival Strategies of Religious NGOs in China.” Journal of Civil Society 11 (3): 283-299.\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2015.1061261.\n\nTan, Jia. 2017. “Digital Masquerading: Feminist Media Activism in China.” Crime, Media, Culture 13 (2): 171–86.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1741659017710063.\n\nTaylor, Verta, and Leila Rupp. 2002. “Loving Internationalism: The Emotion Culture of Transnational Women’s Organizations, 1888-1945.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 7 (2): 141–58.\nhttps://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.7.2.fw3t5032xkq5l62h.\n\nTencent. 2020. “2019 Fourth Quarter and Annual Results.” Retrieved on May 24, 2020\nhttps://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/TPRDmQNJn7Cj-wh8cp4PXQ.\n\nThakur Priyam Basu, and Sangita De. 2016. “Social Media and Social Movement: Contemporary Online Activism in Asia.” Media Watch 7 (2): 226-243.\nhttps://doi.org/10.15655/mw/2016/v7i2/98745.\n\nTickner, J. Ann. 1997. “You Just Don’t Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists.” International Studies Quarterly 41 (4): 611–32.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2478.00060.\n\nTickner, J. Ann. 2006. “Feminism Meets International Relations: Some Methodological Issues.” In Feminist Methodologies for International Relations, by Brooke A. Ackerly, Maria Stern, and Jacqui True, 19–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n\nTripp, Aili Mari. 2006. “The Evolution of Transnational Feminism, Consensus, Conflicts, and New Dynamics.” In Global Feminism: Transnational Women’s Activism, Organizing, and Human rights by Ferree, Myra Marx Ferree and Aili Mari Tripp. 51–75. New York: NYU Press.\n\nTsai, Kellee S., and Qingyan Wang. 2019. “Charitable Crowdfunding in China: An Emergent Channel for Setting Policy Agendas?” The China Quarterly, April, 1–31.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S030574101800139X.\n\nTucker, Joshua A., Yannis Theocharis, Margaret E. Roberts, and Pablo Barberá. 2017. “From Liberation to Turmoil: Social Media and Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 28 (4): 46–59.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2017.0064.\n\nVan Dijck, Maarten F., Bert De Munck, and Nicholas Terpstra. 2017. “Relocating Civil Society: Theories and Practices of Civil Society between Late Medieval and Modern\nSociety.” Social Science History 41 (1): 1–17.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.35.\n\nWallis, Cara. 2015. “Gender and China’s Online Censorship Protest Culture.” Feminist Media Studies 15 (2): 223–38.\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2014.928645.\n\nWang, Bin, and Catherine Driscoll. 2019. “Chinese Feminists on Social Media: Articulating Different Voices, Building Strategic Alliances.” Continuum 33 (1): 1–15.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2018.1532492.\n\nWang, Yiwei. 2018. “CCTV Host Sues Woman Accusing Him of Sexual Assault.” Sixth Tone, September 26.\nhttps://www.sixthtone.com/news/1002972/cctv-host-sues-woman-accusing-him-of-sexualassault.\n\nWang, Zheng. 1996. “A Historic Turning Point for the Women’s Movement in China.”Journal of Women in Culture and Society 22 (1): 192–99.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1086/495142.\n\nZheng. 2015. “Detention of the Feminist Five in China.” Feminist Studies 41 (2): 476.\nhttps://doi.org/10.15767/feministstudies.41.2.476.\n\nWechatscope. 2019. “Censored on WeChat: #MeToo in China.” Global Voices, March 25.\nhttps://globalvoices.org/2019/03/25/censored-on-wechat-metoo-in-china/.\n\nWee, Sui-Lee. 2015. “Chinese police raid office of prominent NGO: co-founder.” Reuters, March 26.\nhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-rights-idUSKBN0MM0CD20150326.\n\nWong, Edouard. 2015 “China Releases 5 Women’s rights Activists Detained for Weeks.”New York Times, April 16.\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/world/asia/china-releases-3-of-5-detained-womensrights-activists.html.\n\nWu, Fengshi. 2003. “Environmental GONGO Autonomy: Unintended Consequences of State Strategies in China.” The Good Society 12 (1): 35–45.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1353/gso.2003.0031.\n\nXiao, Qiang. 2018. [Zhenli bu] zhujun youguan xinxi. ([真理部] 朱军有关信息, [Ministry of Truth] Information related to Zhu Jun) China Digital Times, July 25.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/2018/07/[真理部] 朱军有关信息.\n\nXiao, Qiang. 2018. [Zhenli bu] “METOO” youguan neirong ([真理部] METOO”有关内容, [Ministry of Truth] Content related to “METOO”) China Digital Times, July 27.\nhttps://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/2018/07/[真理部] METOO”有关内容.\n\nXie, Lei, and Hein-Anton Van Der Heijden. 2010. “Environmental Movements and Political Opportunities: The Case of China.” Social Movement Studies 9 (1): 51–68.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/14742830903442527.\n\nXie, Lei. 2015. “Political participation and environmental movements in China.” In The International Handbook of Political Ecology by Raymond L. Bryant, 246-260. Northampton: Edward Elgar.\n\nYang, Guobin. 2003. “The Internet and the Rise of a Transnational Chinese Cultural Sphere.”Media, Culture & Society 25 (4): 469–90.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1177/01634437030254003.\n\nYang, Guobin. 2009. The Power of the Internet in China: Citizen Activism Online. New York: Columbia University Press.\nhttp://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-power-of-the-Internet-in-china/9780231144209.\n\nYang, Guobin. 2014. “Internet Activism & the Party-State in China.” Daedalus 143 (2): 110–23.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00276.\n\nYang, Wanli. Cao Yin and Wang Keju. 2018 “China`s `MeToo` movement signals a shift in sexual attitudes.” China Daily, January 18.\nhttps://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201801/18/WS5a5fe062a310e4ebf433e6a4_4.html.\n\nYing, Li. 2012. “Bloody brides in abuse protest.” Global Times, February 14.\nhttp://www.globaltimes.cn/content/695889.shtml.\n\nZeng, Jing. 2020. “#MeToo as Connective Action: A Study of the Anti-Sexual Violence and Anti-Sexual Harassment Campaign on Chinese Social Media in 2018.” Journalism Practice 14 (2): 171–90.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1706622.\n\nZhang, Han. 2018. “One Year of #MeToo: How the movement eludes government surveillance in China.” The New Yorker, October 10.\nhttps://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/one-year-of-metoo-how-the-movement-eludesgovernment-surveillance-in-china.\n\nZhang, Juan, and Pál Nyíri. 2014. “‘Walled’ activism: transnational social movements and the politics of Chinese cyber-public space.” International Development Planning Review 36 (1): 111-131.\nhttps://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2014.7.\n\nZhang, Wei, and Cheris Kramarae. 2014. “‘SlutWalk’ on Connected Screens: Multiple Framings of a Social Media Discussion.” Journal of Pragmatics 73 (November): 66–81.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.07.008.\n\nZhang, Xiaobing. 2017. “The Ratification and Implementation of CEDAW in China.” China\nHuman Rights Journal 15 (6)\nhttp://www.chinahumanrights.org/html/2017/MAGAZINES_0504/7976.html\n\nZhou, Viola and Sarah Zheng. 2018. “Chinese students use #MeToo to take fight against sexual harassment to elite universities.” South China Morning Post, January 15.\nhttps://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2128341/chinese-students-use-metoo-takefight-against-sexual-harassment.\n\nZhou Yunyun. 2019. “’Being a Good Daughter of the Party’? A Neo-Institutional Analysis of the All-China Women’s Federation Organisational Reforms in China’s Xi Era.” China Perspectives 2019 (2): 17-28.\nhttp://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/9042.\n\nZou, Shuo. 2018. “Teachers warned of unethical behavior.” China Daily, November 17.\nhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/17/WS5bef7baca310eff30328943f.html.\n\nZou, Yun. 2107. “Feminist Activist Ignores Police Advice to Leave City” Sixth Tone. May 22.\nhttp://www.sixthtone.com/news/1000236/feminist-activist-ignores-police-advice-to-leave-city\n\nZuo, Mandy. 2018. “China`s #MeToo revival: famed activists, TV host and writer named”South China Morning Post, July 27.\nhttps://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2157204/popular-activists-tv-host-andwriter-among-dozens-named-chinas.\n\nZwingel, Susanne. 2012. “How Do Norms Travel? Theorizing International Women’s rights in Transnational Perspective.” International Studies Quarterly 56 (1): 115–29.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00701.\n\n#MeToo Movement in China Archives. 2019. Retrieved on April 26, 2020\nhttps://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UOiHZYcoAPTXD-_UBzcXDYT4MH1MaJCE. | 描述: | 碩士 國立政治大學 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS) 107862009 |
資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107862009 | 資料類型: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | 學位論文 |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200901.pdf | 4.36 MB | Adobe PDF2 | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.