臺灣濕地復育的機運與困境－以茄萣濕地為例

Abstract

臺灣擁有豐富的濕地環境，是動植物重要的棲地，扮演著維護生物多樣性與種源基因庫等關鍵角色，但近年來濕地面臨各種開發，造成環境保育與開發之間的衝突與競合。本文以茄萣濕地為研究範圍，探討濕地保育法施行前後在重要濕地內開路，面臨的不同問題及處理過程，並藉此案例討論臺灣濕地復育的機運與困境。首先，回顧茄萣濕地的土地利用演變進程。其次，蒐集相關會議紀錄、審查紀錄、公告書圖及高等行政法院判決等公開資料。藉由上述資料中各關鍵人員發言內容，確認並歸納出利害關係人重要性矩陣。應用利害關係人分析矩陣，分析、驗證和檢討這些折衝過程中，主要利害關係人之間的衝突、互補、合作及相對重要性與影響力，以釐清主要操作權力的利害關係人及權力運作過程。研究結果顯示，藉由各利害關係人的協調與取捨，透過都市計畫變更程序，將高強度的土地使用轉變為濕地公園（127公頃）的例子，是臺灣濕地保育、復育及教育的第一個，也是最重要的案例。本研究對於提供瞭解案例發展的紀錄，解析其利害關係人與操作方式，以作為未來之借鏡有其必要性。本案例對於臺灣的濕地復育及都市發展如何有效共存提供了重要的方向。

Taiwan exhibits plentiful wetlands, which serve as crucial habitats for animals and plants and play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and protecting the gene database of many species. Recently, conflicts and coopetition between environmental conservation and land development surrounding wetlands have arisen. This study explored the problems encountered in the road construction in Jiading Wetlands and solutions thereof before and after the enactment of Wetland Conservation Act, thereby revealing the opportunities and predicaments surrounding the wetland conservation efforts in Taiwan. First, changes in the use of Jiading Wetlands were reviewed. Second, public information such as meeting and review records, documents of announcement, and decisions by the high administrative court was collected; the speeches by key personnel in this information were analyzed to confirm and organize an importance matrix of stakeholders. The matrix was employed to analyze, verify, and discuss the conflict, complementation, cooperation, and relative importance and influence between the stakeholders, thereby clarifying the primary stakeholders and how they exercise their power. The analysis results revealed that the conversion of a high-intensity land use zone to a 127-hectare wetland park was the first and most crucial example of the wetland preservation, restoration, and education in Taiwan, achieved through the coordination and compromises between stakeholders as well as the changes in urban planning. The records on the case were analyzed to clarify the primary stakeholders and their exercising of powers, providing a crucial reference for effective coordination between wetland conservation and urban development in Taiwan.