論陽明之本體工夫：一個哲學之比較研究

Abstract

本文之主要工作，乃藉由與康德哲學之比較以揭示陽明本體工夫之哲學奠基處，即揭示其本心良知是一切道德行動之統一體。比較之對象是其《實踐理性之批判》中之方法學；而所謂哲學奠基則是由陽明知行合一所證立人根源的道德意向，依此以解明所謂本體工夫乃是由此意向一根而發的開展。本體工夫乃是良知之開展自身，乃表示一不間斷地實現道德價值之行動。藉此連續性即可先驗分析出一切倫理價值之可能性皆原自一統一性自我，甚至說明人道德沉淪之判斷如何在其中才能成立；亦能解決康德方法學中由其動機論衍生出的道德判斷無法過渡到行動之困難。

The main work of this paper reveals an ethical foundation of Yangming`s original effort by a comparative study with Kant`s philosophy, it means that our original mind is the unity of all moral actions. The object of comparison is the methodology of Kant`s Kritik der praktischen Vernunft; the so-called ethical foundation means an original intention of human justified by Yangming`s unity of knowing with its acting, and thus explains how the so-called original effort has to be understood as a growing from the root of the unity. It means that the original effort is essentially nothing but the growing of conscience, and thus represents an acting to realize all moral value without interruption. By means of such continuity we can explain that the possibility of all ethical values is based on the ego of original unity, and even how a judgment of the moral falling is only possible under the condition of the ego. According to my philosophical interpretation the original effort can solve also the difficulty in which a transition can`t come from moral judgment to its action in Kant`s methodology derived from his theory of motivation.