Te形再探－根據生成文法觀念的Te形用法分類－

Abstract

有關「テ」形的用法分類並非越細越好，而必須有一定的根據才行。 「テ」形本來就具有表「完了」相，故筆者認為其基本用法為「繼起」。具有「繼起」關係的前件和後件順序不可對換，此外前件和後件具有內在的關連，還有前件必須是「有界的」。 「テ形」亦可表「並列」，前件和後件順序可調換，但不具有內在的關連。表「原因、理由」的テ形在「繼起」的用法當中，前件和後件具有因果關係，且後件必能表非意志性的事態。 在「繼起」用法中表「付帶狀態」的「テ形」，前件事象和後件事象的發生時間一部分或全部構成重疊。 在過去先行研究被列為「テ形」用法的「對比」「手段」「逆接」「結果」等分類項目，筆者認為是在以上的各種用法中，滿足某種語境或語用條件時所發生的衍生用法，而非獨立的項目。 Regarding the use classification of the -Te form, it is not necessarily considered ‘the more detailed, the better’; it has to be done based on certain criteria. First of all, the realis aspect is considered inherent in the -Te form, so ‘to succeed’ is considered the basic use of the -Te form. When it means ‘to succeed’, the sequence of the preceding event and the succeeding event is irreversible; and both are internally related. Moreover, the preceding event has to be telic. When it means ‘Parallel’, the preceding and succeeding events are reversible, and both have no internal relations. Among the different meanings that ‘to succeed’ contains, when it means ‘cause/reason’, the relation of cause and result is recognized, therefore, the succeeding events are restricted to those which have non-will characteristics. Besides, among the different meanings that ‘to succeed’ contains, when it means ‘incidental state’, the occurring times of the preceding and succeeding events overlap partially or totally. Those traditional classification items, such as ‘comparison’, ‘means’, ‘gyakusetu (connection of two contrary phrases)’, and ‘result’, are considered derivative uses which only occur when the contextual or pragmatic conditions are satisfied, so they cannot be considered independent items.