從注意力變動觀點探討 社交焦慮大學生的注意力偏誤機制 —以點偵測作業為例

Abstract

根據社交焦慮症的病理模式，社交焦慮者對社交評價威脅刺激有注意力偏誤。然而，過去以點偵測作業量測社交焦慮者注意力偏誤的結果不一致。有研究者認為這是因為焦慮者有注意力控制的困難，以致注意力偏誤不穩定。但是，注意力偏誤變動在社交焦慮族群的研究結果也不一致。本研究讓高、低社交焦慮大學生進行點型態區辨作業，以澄清社交焦慮者是否有注意力偏誤、注意力偏誤變動的問題。本研究假設，高社交焦慮者相對於控制組，由於害怕被負向評價而更投入作業，未必出現注意力偏誤或者注意力偏誤變動較的現象。研究結果發現，高、低社交焦慮大學生的注意力偏誤指標未有顯著差異，而低社交焦慮者注意力偏誤變動程度大於高社交焦慮者。研究結果支持高社交焦慮者因害怕負向評價而更投入於作業的觀點。然而，比對過去點偵測作業的研究後，本研究發現威脅刺激種類的選擇，也可能是造成研究結果差異的因素。因此，本研究對於社交評價威脅刺激的選擇問題進行討論。

According to the psychopathological model of social anxiety disorder, attentional bias for social-evaluative stimuli is an aetiological or maintaining factor of social anxiety. However, inconsistent results of attentional bias index were found in social anxious group by the dot-probe task. Some researchers hypothesized difficulties of attentional control led to higher attentional bias variability in high-anxious group. Nevertheless, studies of attentional bias variability also yielded inconsistent results in social anxious group. Present study hypothesized that, due to fear of negative evaluation, high social anxious group may try hard to concentrate on the dot-probe task, and may not show higher attentional bias or attentional bias variability in compared with control group. Present study used dot-discrimination task to clarify if there were significant difference of attentional bias or attentional bias variability between high and low social anxious college students. The results were consistent with the hypothesis, there were no significant differences of attentional bias between groups, and attentional bias variability was significantly larger in low social anxious group than high social anxious group. The results supported that people with social anxiety was more concentrated in the task. However, in comparison with the previous studies, researcher found that the different choice in social-evaluative stimuli may confound the results. Therefore, the problems of choosing social-evaluative stimuli in the dot-probe tasks were discussed.