Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133889| 題名: | 工作狂對工作績效的影響: 以個人-組織契合作為調節變項 The Effect of Workaholism Toward Work Performance: the Person-Organization Fit as Moderator |
作者: | 曾薇庭 Tseng, Wei-Ting |
貢獻者: | 郭建志 曾薇庭 Tseng, Wei-Ting |
關鍵詞: | 工作狂 工作緊張感 職業自我效能 角色內行為 角色外行為 個人－組織契合 Workaholism Occupational self-efficacy Job strain In-role behavior Extra-role behavior Person-organization fit |
日期: | 2020 | 上傳時間: | 1-Feb-2021 | 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討工作狂是否能藉由職業自我效能及工作緊張感之中介，對工作績效產 生不同的影響。當個體能夠從工作中找到意義感及從中累積成功經驗，是否能職業增 進自我效能的產生，最終提升工作績效?當個體是否會因為工作負荷龐大，造成心理 資源上的短缺，因而產生壓力進而產生工作緊張感，最後導致工作績效的下降?除此 之外，本研究以個人-組織契合作為調節變項，探討當個人-組織契合高的情況下， 是否能增進自我效能、降低工作緊張感;個人-組織契合低的情況下則降低自我效能、 增加工作緊張感?本研究以台灣企業正職員工作為樣本，第一階段回收 587 份問卷， 第二階段回收 271 份問卷，兩階段合計共回收 257 份有效問卷，有效回收率約 43%。 研究結果顯示，職業自我效能確實能在工作狂與角色內及角色外行為的關係中扮演中 介角色，然工作緊張感並無顯著效果;另外，工作狂與個人-組織契合之交互作用不 論是在預測自我效能或工作緊張感皆無顯著效果。最後本研究對結果進行討論，並加 以說明本研究之貢獻、研究限制及未來可能的研究方向。 This study aims to explore whether workaholism may perform differently through the moderating effect of occupational self-efficacy and job strain. When an individual finds a sense of meaning from work and accumulates successful experience from it, the present study assumes it can enhance the generation of occupational self-efficacy and ultimately improves job performance. Also, this study assumes when an individual suffers from a shortage of psychological resources due to the huge workload which causes pressure and job strain, this process eventually leads to the decline in job performance. In addition, this study also discusses the moderating role of person-organization fit in order to see if occupational self-efficacy will enhance and job strain will reduce when the person-organization fit is high and also to see if self-efficacy will reduce and job strain will enhance when the person-organization fit is low. Research data is collected from the employees of Taiwan enterprises. In the first stage, 587 questionnaires were returned; in the second stage, 271 questionnaires were returned. A total of 257 valid questionnaires were collected. The valid rate is 43%. The results reveal that occupational self-efficacy indeed mediates the relationship between workaholism and job performance. However, job strain doesn’t show the mediation effect. In addition, the interaction effect of workaholism and person-organization fit predicts neither occupational self-efficacy nor job strain. Finally, research findings, theoretical contributions, research constraints and future research directions are discussed. |
參考文獻: | Andreassen, C. S., Ursin, H., & Eriksen, H. R. (2007). The relationship between strong motivation to work, “workaholism” , and health. Psychology and Health, 22(5), 615–629. https://doi.org/10.1080/14768320600941814\nArgentero, P., Corteste, C. G., & Ferretti, M. S. (2008). An evaluation of organizational citizenship behavior: psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of Podsakoff et al. ’s scale. TPM- Testing, Psihometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 15(2), 61–75.\nAziz, S., & Cunningham, J. (2008). Workaholism, work stress, work-life imbalance: Exploring gender’s role. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23(8), 553–566. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542410810912681\nAziz, S., & Tronzo, C. L. (2011). Exploring the relationship between workaholism facets and personality traits: A replication in American workers. Psychological Record, 61(2), 269–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395760\nAziz, S., Wuensch, K. L., & Duffrin, C. (2015). Workaholism, Exercise, and Stress-Related Illness. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 30(4), 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2015.1074053\nBakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Oerlemans, W., & Sonnentag, S. (2013). Workaholism and daily recovery: A day reconstruction study of leisure activities ARNOLD. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1796\nBakker, Arnold B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(10), 1359–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471\nBandura, A., & Adams, N. E. (1977). Analysis of self-efficacy theory of behavioral change. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1(4), 287–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01663995\nBandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986, 23-28.\nBeal, D. J., Weiss, H. M., Barros, E., & MacDermid, S. M. (2005). An episodic process model of affective influences on performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1054\nBeauregard, T. A. (2012). Perfectionism, self-efficacy and OCB: The moderating role of gender. Personnel Review, 41(5), 590–608.\nBeehr, T. A., Jex, S. M., Stacy, B. A., & Murray, M. A. (2000). Work stressors and coworker support as predictors of individual strain and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(4), 391–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200006)21:4<391::AID-JOB15>3.0.CO;2-9\nBorman, W. C., Ilgen, D. R., Klimoski, R. J., Weiner, I. B., & Wiley, J. (2003). HANDBOOK of PSYCHOLOGY VOLUME (Vol. 12).\nBrady, B. R., Vodanovich, S. J., & Rotunda, R. (2008). The impact of workaholism on work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and perception of leisure activities. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 11(2), 241–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/10887150802371781\nBurke, R. J. (2001). Workaholism in organizations: The role of organizational values. Personnel Review, 30(6), 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005977\nCable, & Judge. (1996). Person-organization fit, job choice, and organization entry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(3), 204–213.\nÇetin, F., & Aşkun, D. (2018). The Effect of Occupational Self-efficacy on Work Performance Through Intrinsic Work Motivation. Management Research Review, 41(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2017-0062\nChen, P. Y., & Spector, P. E. (1991). NA as the underlying cause of correlations bt stressors and strains.pdf. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 398–407.\nClark, M. A., Michel, J. S., Stevens, G. W., Howell, J. W., & Scruggs, R. S. (2014). Workaholism, work engagement and work-home outcomes: Exploring the mediating role of positive and negative emotions. Stress and Health, 30(4), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2511\nCook, J., & Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non‐fulfilment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00005.x\nDarr, W., & Johns, G. (2008). Work Strain, Health, and Absenteeism: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4), 293–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012639\nDiefendorff, J. M., Brown, D. J., Kamin, A. M., & Lord, R. G. (2003). Examining the roles of job involvement and work centrality in predicting organizational citizenship behaviors and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.123\nEden, D., & Kinnar, J. (1991). Modeling Galatea: Boosting Self-Efficacy to Increase Volunteering. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 770–780. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.770\nEdwards, J. R. (1996). An Examination of Competing Versions of the Person-Environment Fit Approach to Stress Author ( s ): Jeffrey R . Edwards Published by : Academy of Management Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/256782 Accessed : 05-03-2016 00 : 06 UTC Your use of the. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 292–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/256782\nFalco, A., Girardi, D., Kravina, L., Trifiletti, E., Bartolucci, G. B., Capozza, D., & De Carlo, N. A. (2013). The mediating role of psychophysic strain in the relationship between workaholism, job performance, and sickness absence: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(11), 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000007\nFrancis, L., & Barling, J. (2005). Organizational injustice and psychological strain. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 37(4), 250–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087260\nGuglielmi, D., Simbula, S., Schaufeli, W. B., & Depolo, M. (2012). Self-efficacy and workaholism as initiators of the job demands-resources model. Career Development International, 17(4), 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431211255842\nHarpaz, I., & Snir, R. (2003). Workaholism: Its definition and nature. Human Relations, 56(3), 291–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726703056003613\nHayes, A. (2013). Integrating Mediation and Moderation Analysis: fundamentals using PROCESS. In Introduction to Mediation, Moderation and Conditional Process Analysis. https://doi.org/978-1-60918-230-4\nHobfoll, S. E., Shirom, A., & Golembiewski, R. (2000). Conservation of resources theory. Appears in Handbook of Organizational Behavior, RT Golembiewski (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 57–80.\nHoffman, B. J., & Woehr, D. J. (2006). A quantitative review of the relationship between person-organization fit and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.08.003\nHu, Q., Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., Hessen, D. J., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M., & Shimazu, A. (2014). East is east and west is west and never the twain shall meet: Work engagement and workaholism across Eastern and Western cultures. Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1(1), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.346.6216.1569-d\nHurrell, J. J., Nelson, D. L., & Simmons, B. L. (1998). Measuring job stressors and strains: where we have been, where we are, and where we need to go. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4), 368–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.3.4.368\nHysong, S. J., & Quiñones, M. A. (1997, April). The Relationship Between Self-efficacy and Performance: A Meta-analysis. In Twelfth Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, St. Louis, MO.\nJohnstone, A., & Johnston, L. (2005). The relationship between organizational climate, occupational type and workaholism. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 34(3), 181–188.\nKanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.67.3.341\nKarasek, R. A. (1979). Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Metal Strain: Implications for Job Redisign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285–308.\nKatz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The psychology of social organization. In New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc (Vol. 2). https://doi.org/10.1037/h0072331\nKhodabandeh, M., & Sattari Ardabili, F. (2015). The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and Political Skills in Occupational Self-efficacy and Citizenship Behavior of Employees. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2015.60377\nKira, M., & Balkin, D. B. (2014). Interactions between work and identities: Thriving, withering, or redefining the self? Human Resource Management Review, 24(2), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2013.10.001\nKönig, C. J., Debus, M. E., Häusler, S., Lendenmann, N., & Kleinmann, M. (2010). Examining occupational self-efficacy, work locus of control and communication as moderators of the job insecurity-job performance relationship. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 31(2), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X09358629\nKristof-brown, A. M. Y. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work - Meta-analysis of PJ, PO, PG, PS fit. Personnel Psychology, 281–342.\nKristof, A. L. (1996). Person-Organization Fit: An Integrative Review of its Conceptualizations, Measurement, and ImplicationsKristof, A. L. (1996). Person-Organization Fit: An Integrative Review of its Conceptualizations, Measurement, and Implications. Personnel Psychology, 49. Personnel Psychology, 49, 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1996.tb01790.x\nLang, J., Thomas, J. L., Bliese, P. D., & Adler, A. B. (2007). Job demands and job performance: The mediating effect of psychological and physical strain and the moderating effect of role clarity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.2.116\nLauver, K. J., & Kristof-Brown, A. (2001). Distinguishing between employees’ perceptions of person-job and person-organization fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 454–470. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1807\nLawler, E. E., & Hall, D. T. (1970). Relationship of job characteristics to job involvement, satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54(4), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029692\nLíbano, M. Del, Llorens, S., Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). About the Dark and Bright Sides of Self-efficacy: Workaholism and Work Engagement. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 688–701. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38883\nLittle, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). Examining the Competitive Capabilities of Manufacturing Firms, Structural Equation Modeling. A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902\nMachlowitz, M. (1980). Workaholics, Living with Them, Working with Them. Addison Wesley Publishing Company.\nMay, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11–37. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915892\nMazzetti, G., Schaufeli, W. B., & Guglielmi, D. (2014). Are workaholics born or made? Relations of workaholism with person characteristics and overwork climate. International Journal of Stress Management, 21(3), 227–254. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035700\nMcMillan, L. H. W., Brady, E. C., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Marsh, N. V. (2002). A multifaceted validation study of Spence and Robbins’ (1992) Workaholism Battery. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(3), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317902320369758\nMcMillan, L. H. W., & O’Driscoll, M. P. (2006). Exploring new frontiers to generate an integrated definition of workaholism. Research Companion To Working Time And Work Addiction, 89–107. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847202833.00012\nMeyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of org commitment.pdf. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89.\nMohr, G., Müller, A., Rigotti, T., Aycan, Z., & Tschan, F. (2006). The assessment of psychological strain in work contexts: Concerning the structural equivalency of nine language adaptations of the irritation scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.198\nMudrack, P. E. (2004). Job involvement, obsessive-compulsive personality traits, and workaholic behavioral tendencies. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(5), 490–508. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410554506\nNg, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2008). Long work hours: a social identity perspective on meta-analysis data THOMAS. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(7), 853–880. https://doi.org/10.1002/job\nNg, T. W., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2007). Dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of workaholism: a conceptual integration and extension. The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 28(1), 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.424\nO’Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and Organizational Culture : A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person- Organization Fit Author ( s ): Charles A . O ’ Reilly III , Jennifer Chatman and David F . Caldwell Published by : Academy of Management Stable URL : http://www.jstor.o. The Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487–516.\nO’Reilly, C., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment. The Effects of Compliance, Identification, and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492\nOates, W. E. (1968). On being a “Workaholic” - A serious jest. Pastoral Psychology, 19(8), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01785472\nPodsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1989). A Second Generation Measure of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Unpublished manuscript, Indiana University, Bloomington.\nPodsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879\nRakhshanimehr, F., & Jenaabadi, H. (2015). Relationship of Workaholism with Teachers’ Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Psychology, 6(12), 1469–1477. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.612144\nRamos, V., & Jordão, F. (2013). Are Public Workers More Stressed Than Private Workers? The Relationship Between Work Stress and Value Congruence. Journal of Psychology Research, 3(7). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2013.07.005\nReeve, C. L., & Smith, C. S. (2001). Refining Lodahl and Kejner’s Job Involvement Scale with a Convergent Evidence Approach: Applying Multiple Methods to Multiple Samples. Organizational Research Methods, 4(2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810142001\nRiggs, M. L., Warka, J., Babasa, B., Betancourt, R., & Hooker, S. (1994). Development and Validation of Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Scales for Job-related Applications. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54(3), 793–802.\nRigotti, T., Schyns, B., & Mohr, G. (2008). A short version of the occupational self-efficacy scale: Structural and construct validity across five countries. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305763\nRose, R. C., Kumar, N., & Pak, O. G. (2009). The Effect Of Organizational Learning On Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction And Work Performance. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 25(6), 55–66.\nSchaubroeck, J., Jones, J. R., & Xie, J. L. (2001). Individual differences in utilizing control to cope with job demands: Effects on susceptibility to infectious disease. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.2.265\nSchaufeli, W. B., Taris, T., & Bakker, A. (2008). It takes two to tango: Workaholism is working excessively and working compulsively. The Long Work Hours Culture. Causes, Consequences and Choices, 203–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-84855-038-4.00009-9\nSchaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. B. (2006). Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde: On the differences between work engagement and workaholism. In Research Companion to Working Time and Work Addiction. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847202833.00018\nSchaufeli, Wilmar B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248\nSchaufeli, Wilmar B., Bakker, A. B., van der Heijden, F. M. M. A., & Prins, J. T. (2009). Workaholism, burnout and well-being among junior doctors: The mediating role of role conflict. Work & Stress, 23(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902834021\nSchaufeli, Wilmar B., Shimazu, A., & Taris, T. W. (2009). Being Driven to Work Excessively Hard. Cross-Cultural Research, 43(4), 320–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397109337239\nSchaufeli, Wilmar B., Taris, T. W., & Van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, burnout, and work engagement: Three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well-being? Applied Psychology, 57(2), 173–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.x\nSchmidt, K. H. (2010). The relation of goal incongruence and self-control demands to indicators of job strain among elderly care nursing staff: A cross-sectional survey study combined with longitudinally assessed absence measures. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(7), 855–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.12.004\nSchmitt, A., Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2016). Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(3), 588–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12143\nScott, K. S., Moore, K. S., & Miceli, M. P. (1997). An exploration of the meaning and consequences of workaholism. Human relations, 50(3), 287-314..pdf. Human Relations, 50(3), 287–314.\nSeppälä, P., Mauno, S., Feldt, T., Hakanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Tolvanen, A., & Schaufeli, W. (2009). The construct validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Multisample and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(4), 459–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9100-y\nShimazu, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Is workaholism good or bad for employee well-being? The distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement among Japanese employees. Industrial Health, 47(5), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.47.495\nShimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Kubota, K., & Kawakami, N. (2012). Do workaholism and work engagement predict employee well-being and performance in opposite directions? Industrial Health, 50(4), 316–321. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.MS1355\nShimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2010). How does workaholism affect worker health and performance? The mediating role of coping. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(2), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9077-x\nSnir, R., & Harpaz, I. (2004). Attitudinal and demographic antecedents of workaholism. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(5), 520–536. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410554524\nSpence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992a). and Preliminary Results W orkaholism : Definition , easurement , and Preliminary Results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58(1), 160–187. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5801\nSpence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992b). Workaholism: Definition, Measurement, and Preliminary Results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58(1), 160–178. https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15327752jpa5801_15\nStajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 240–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.240\nVigoda, E. (2000). Internal politics in public administration systems: An empirical examination of its relationship with job congruence, organizational citizenship behavior, and in-role performance. Public Personnel Management, 29(2), 185–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600002900203 | 描述: | 碩士 國立政治大學 心理學系 107752012 |
資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107752012 | 資料類型: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | 學位論文 |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201201.pdf | 1.96 MB | Adobe PDF2 | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.