影響香港學生赴臺求學因素之探討

Abstract

在進入全球化的時代中，各國意識到要面對全球的經濟競爭，必須提升本國學生的競爭力，除了把學生送到外地留學，也同時接納更多的留學生。臺灣2018年學士班僑生（含港澳生）數量達21,926，其中香港學生人數佔最多，共7030人，且從2015年成為來臺僑生的最大來源。臺灣正面臨少子女化等挑戰，使得臺灣各大專院校必須向外積極招生。此外，2009年香港高等教育學制的改變，也影響到香港學生來臺升學的意願。根據磁吸效應，可區分為文明差距、政治、經濟性、文化與菁英等五方面。為此，本研究擬根據上述磁吸效應的五個因素，結合推拉理論，探討香港學生為何選擇出國留學？臺灣又是如何吸引香港學生前來求學 ? 尤其，哪些因素是香港學生選擇來臺求學的主要考量？本研究採用文獻分析與半結構式深度訪談，調查12位當前在臺就讀學士學位的香港學生。研究結果發現，香港學生選擇出國讀書有三大因素，分別是：個人因素、香港教育因素以及重要他人因素。臺灣吸引香港學生有五大因素，包括：經濟、文化、政治、實際環境、與重要他人因素。另外，在進一步結合磁吸效應與推拉理論中，研究者發現，經濟和文化兩項因素，則是許多香港學生考量來臺求學的主要原因。本研究結果除了能提供香港當局重新審視留住本地學生之參考外，也希望提醒臺灣高等教育界，能深入了解與善用自身優勢，吸引更多香港與國際學生來臺留學。

After entering the era of globalization, countries have realized that engaging competitively in the global economy requires sending students to other countries while also admitting more foreign students. In Taiwan, the number of Chinese students, including Hong Kong and Macau students, who were pursuing a bachelor’s degree overseas in 2018 reached 21,926, with students from Hong Kong making up the majority of that number. Owing to Taiwan’s drastic declining birth rate, Taiwan’s universities need to recruit more students to fill enrollment vacancies. This study investigates why Hong Kong students chose to pursue higher education in Taiwan under the research framework of the Magnetic Effect and the Push-Pull Theory. Five aspects of the Magnetic Effect are defined as: civilization gap, political, economic, cultural, and elite. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 Hong Kong undergraduate students in Taiwan. Research results indicated three major influencing factors which motivated Hong Kong students to study abroad including: the personal factor, the educational factor, and the external pressure from others. Meanwhile, factors that attracted Hong Kong students to study in Taiwan were: the economic factor, the cultural factor, the political factor, the environmental factor, and the external pressure from others. Furthermore, most Hong Kong students rated economic and cultural factors as the most important ones. It is hoped that the research findings can provide future student retaining strategies for Hong Kong, while Taiwan will be able to attract more students from Hong Kong and elsewhere with its strength in higher education.