別雷小說《銀鴿》中的東西文化衝突

Abstract

俄國象徵主義作家安德烈‧別雷（Андрей Белый, 1880-1934, 本名Борис Николаевич Бугаев）的文學創作，向來與他的宗教哲學思想之吸納與轉折有密不可分的關聯。20世紀初他曾經醉心俄國的教派，以為能夠藉由教派走向人民，並且以教派的集會模式做為俄國未來發展的藍圖。對教派感到失望之後，別雷受到史坦納（Rudolf Steiner, 1861-1925）的玫瑰十字會入會啟蒙說所吸引，積極投入神智學與人智學的研究，並將之視為生命的支柱。小說《銀鴿》反映的是別雷否定教派能夠肩負拯救俄國的重擔，並在隱含的情節中表述自己對入會啟蒙的肯定。本文首先概論玫瑰十字會與神智學協會的起源、歷史與宗旨，繼而由此切入探討《銀鴿》否定黑暗東方，以及主角啟蒙失敗的過程及其意義。 Andrey Bely (Андрей Белый, 1880-1934) was one of the outstanding Russian symbolist writers. A. Bely’s literary works were inseparably related to his absorption and transition of religious thought. In the early 20th century he was engrossed in religious sects in Russia, and regarded the gathering mode of sects as the blueprint of Russian future development. However, after his disappointment with sects, Bely was attracted to Rudolf Steiner’s (1861-1925) concept of Initiation in Rosicrucianism, and actively involved in the research of theosophy and anthroposophy.In The Silver Dove, A. Bely turned down the idea that religious sects could save Russia, and affirmed the Initiation in implicit plots. In this article, author firstly outlines the origin, history and object of Rosicrucianism and the Theosophical Society. Then author discusses the idea of dark East in The Silver Dove, and explores the process and the meaning of main character’s unsuccessful Initiation.