臺北市國民中學校園休憩活動空間之研究

Abstract

本研究主要探討臺北市國民中學休憩活動空間規畫現況與使用情形，並分析不同背景變項下規畫與使用之差異，進而瞭解學生在下課選擇校園休憩活動空間的原因、活動形式、改善設施及放學欲使用情形，最後歸納規畫校園休憩活動空間之規劃與改善意見。因此研究採用休憩活動空間設置調查表，用以調查校園休憩活動空間之現況資料，並配合休憩活動空間使用問卷調查瞭解學生使用與需求情形，共寄發出1,200份問卷，回收有效問卷共1,072份，最後輔以訪談以深入了解學校規劃與使用情形，根據資料整理，本研究發現結果如下：\n一、校園靜態休憩活動空間設置最多為教室、走廊、圖書館、合作社與庭園，其次為戶外劇場，設置比例較少為交誼平臺、交誼室及屋頂花園。\n二、校園動態休憩活動空間設置最多為田徑場、室外球場與活動中心為主。\n三、不同學校類型在靜態休憩活動空間規畫差異不大，唯有在走廊、圖書館、庭園的附屬設施與戶外劇場設置略有差異；在動態休憩活動空間在田徑場與室外球場附屬設施略有差異。\n四、不同學校規模在靜態休憩活動空間規畫差異不大，唯有在走廊、圖書館、合作社略有差異，在動態休憩活動空間規畫差異不大，唯有在室外球場附屬設施略有差異。\n五、下課學生較常使用的靜態休憩活動空間，以教室、走廊與合作社為主；動態休憩活動空間以室外籃球場、田徑場與活動中心為主。\n六、下課選擇靜態休憩活動空間的原因以距離較近、放鬆身心與同學因素為主；選擇動態休憩活動空間的原因以身體活動、放鬆身心、距離較近與同 \n學因素為主。\n七、下課學生在靜態休憩活動空間從事的活動以聊天為主，其次為睡覺、看書、發呆與散步；動態休憩活動空間從事的活動以聊天、打球為主。\n八、在靜態休憩活動空間使用頻率上完全中學使用頻率高於市立國中；在動態休憩活動空間使用頻率小規模與中規模使用頻率高於大規模，七年級使用頻率高於八年級使用頻率，男生使用頻率高於女生。\n九、在靜態休憩活動空間學生希望增設或改善的空間以教室、合作社與圖書館為主，並增設音樂聆聽區、電腦設備區與休憩座椅等設施為主。\n十、在動態休憩活動空間以學生希望增設或改善的空間以室外籃球場、室內籃球場與活動中心為主，並增設休憩以球類設施與休憩座椅為主。\n十一、學生放學從事的休憩活動依序最多為聊天、打球與散步；選擇的休憩活動空間依序最多為教室、走廊與室外籃球場。 \n 根據結論以上結論，提出以下建議：\n一、國中校園靜態休憩活動空間以教室、走廊、圖書館與合作社等空間，應優先充實其空間設施，以利學生休憩活動之用。\n二、國中校園動態休憩活動空間以室外籃球場與活動中心等空間，應優先充實其空間設施，以利學生休憩活動之用。\n三、高樓層校舍應就近增設休憩設施，以滿足高樓層學生休憩活動空間之需求。\n四、彈性調整下課時間，利於學生進行多樣化的休憩活動。\n五、動態休憩活動空間宜考慮性別的需求作適當的調整\n六、國中學生在休憩活動選擇以聊天為主要活動，顯示社交需求應被重視，應此宜多設置休憩座椅，以提供學生下課聊天的硬體需求。\n七、以經費持續補助學校進行校園空間改善，以增加休憩活動空間設施。\n八、對未來的研究建議可在研究內容上可針對休憩附屬設施如：休憩座椅、閱讀桌椅或球場等設施之規畫形式與使用狀況進行研究。

This study focuses on the current situation of the planning and use of recreational spaces in junior high schools in Taipei city. An analysis was conducted to find out differences in the planning and use of these spaces under different background variables in order to further probe into the reasons students choose the recreational spaces on campus after class, the activity types, improvement of facilities, and use after school. The recreational space planning and improvement suggestions were then summarized. In this paper, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of recreational spaces on campus. The questionnaires were distributed to find out the use and needs of the students. A total of 1,200 questionnaire copies were distributed and 1,072 valid copies were recovered. Interviews were also conducted to gain an insight into the planning and use of the school recreational spaces. The study findings based on the compiled data are as follows:\n1. Most passive recreational spaces on campus are allotted for classrooms, corridors,\nlibraries, cooperatives, and gardens, followed by outdoor theaters. Friendship platforms, recreational rooms, and roof gardens on the other hand have the least \npassive recreational spaces. \n2. Most dynamic recreational spaces are allotted for track and field, outdoor courts, and activity centers.\n3. The passive recreational space planning in different schools is generally the same except for corridors, libraries, ancillary facilities in gardens, and outdoor theater layout that slightly differ. For the dynamic recreational spaces, the ancillary facilities \nsuch as the track and field, outdoor courts, etc., differed slightly.\n4. There is not much variation in dynamic recreational space planning at different schools except corridors, libraries, and cooperatives that showed slight differences. \nIn terms of dynamic recreational space planning, the schools do not differ much except for ancillary facilities of outdoor courts that show slight variations.\n5. Students more frequently used passive recreational spaces after class, particularly classrooms, corridors, and cooperatives. The dynamic recreational spaces are\nprimarily outdoor basketball courts, track and field, and activity centers.\n6. The reasons for choosing dynamic recreational spaces include: closer in distance, relaxing the body and mind, and influence of peers. The reasons they choose\ndynamic activities include: physical activity, relaxing the body and mind, closer in distance, and influence of peers.\n7. After class, the activities that take place in the passive recreational spaces are primarily chatting, followed by taking a nap, reading, trance, and taking a walk; the activities that take place in the dynamic recreational spaces include chatting and playing ball games.\n8. The usage rate of the passive recreational space in complete high schools is higher than that of city junior high schools; the usage rate of the small-scale and \nmedium-scale dynamic recreational spaces is higher than that of the large-scale spaces; the usage rate of the 7th graders is higher than that of the 8th graders, and the \nusage rate for the boys is higher than that of the girls.\n9. In the passive recreational space, the students’ requested additional facilities and improvement of primarily classrooms, cooperatives, and libraries and setup of music areas, computer areas, and recreational chairs.\n10. In the dynamic recreation space, the students requested additional facilities and improvement of primarily outdoor basketball courts, indoor basketball courts, and \nactivity centers and setup of ball sport related facilities and recreational chairs.\n11. The students’ recreational activities after school in sequence are chatting, playing ball games, and taking a walk. And the recreational spaces chosen in sequence are\nclassrooms, corridors, and outdoor basketball courts.\nBased on the conclusions above, the following suggestions are proposed: \n1. In terms of the passive recreational space on campus of junior high schools,priorities are given to enhancing facilities in classrooms, corridors, libraries, and \ncooperatives for students’ recreational use.\n2. In terms of the dynamic recreational space on campus of junior high schools,priorities are given to enhancing facilities in outdoor basketball courts and activity \ncenters for students’ recreational use.\n3. Additional recreational facilities should be set up in the vicinity of high-rise buildings to satisfy students’ recreational space needs.\n4. Make flexible adjustment of the class schedule to facilitate students’ versatile recreational activities. \n5. Take gender needs into consideration in making appropriate adjustment to the dynamic recreational space. \n6. Most junior high school students choose chatting as the recreational activity,showing the need to emphasize social needs. Therefore, additional recreational chairs are recommended for students’ hardware needed for chatting. \n7.Continue to grant money to improve the campus space and add more facilities in the recreational space.\n8.It is suggested that future researches focus on the planning and usage of recreational ancillary facilities such as recreational chairs, desks/chairs for reading, and ball courts.