優選詞彙映照理論與英語漢語論旨角色與語法功能之連結(1/2)

Abstract

此一研究計畫檢視詞彙功能語法(LFG)中的詞彙映照理論(LMT)，從一致性\n與精簡的角度出發，發展出一優選詞彙映照理論；接著以此分析漢語中多項述詞\n的論旨結構類型、詞彙映照、及功能轉換，並且從語法互動的角度對功能轉換\n(function-changing)的結構提出解釋。\n優選理論在音韻研究上已是主流之理論趨勢，但在句法研究上的應用卻仍屬\n起步階段，且多以詞組結構與詞序為主；國內目前亦尚無OT 之語法研究。次項\n研究計畫以作者研究之互動理論及簡化詞彙映照理論（Lexical Mapping Theory,\nLMT）為基礎，以優選理論（Optimality Theory, OT）詮釋語法互動及LMT，將\n論旨結構（a-structure）與語法功能（lexical form）之映照原則轉化為有優選排\n序之映照限制（constraints），進而發展出一完整之優選詞彙映照理論（OT-LMT），\n並以其對英語漢語中之多種語法功能轉換現象之分析，驗證此一理論之合理性及\n普遍性。根據簡化LMT 之單一映照原則初步發展出以下OT 限制，於{a-structure,\nlexical form}之candidate set 選取optimal output。以下R 指role，F 指function。\n(1) Argument-Function Mapping Constraints\nCompFun(R, F): Given an a-structure argument R, <..R..>,\nR is linked to a compatible argument function F\nLinkFun(F, R): Given an argument function F in lexical form,\n<..F..>, F is linked to an argument R in a-structure\nUniqFun(Fa, Fb): Given any two argument functions Fa and\nFb in lexical form, <.. Fa..Fb..>, Fa ≠ Fb\nPromFun(R, F): Given an a-structure argument R, <..R..>,\nR is linked to most prominent function F\nAlignFun(Fa, Fb): Given any two adjacent argument functions\nFa and Fb in lexical form,<.. Fa Fb..>, Fa is not less\nprominent than Fb\nCompFun/LinkFun/UniqFun >> AlignFun >> PromFun\n此一優選系統應用於英語漢語之處所詞倒置結構及結果式結構。將簡化\nLMT 的整體（包括普遍的語法特徵派分及各語言中的詞態語法律）全面以OT\n詮釋，完成OT-LMT；目的二在於將以此OT-LMT 分析漢語之詞彙映照，並以此\n驗證理論。

The Optimality Theory (OT) has become the dominant trend in phonological research,\nwhile its application in syntactic research is till in its infancy and mostly centers\naround the study of phrase structures and word order. Thus far, there has not been any\nsyntactic study in the Optimality-Theoretic paradigm. This research project, based on\nthis researcher’s previous work on the simplified lexical mapping theory (LMT), aims\nto interpret the linking between a-structures and lexical forms in terms of ranked OT\nconstraints and to further validate its aptness and universality in analyzing the\nfunction-changing constructions in English and Chinese. The goal is to develop an\nOT-LMT。 Her (2002c), based on the simplified LMT, has tentatively proposed a set\nof ranked OT constraints to account for the single mapping principle. An optimal out\nput is selected from the set of the candidate set of {a-structure, lexical form} pairs。 R\nrefers to ‘role’ and F to ‘function’.\n(1) Argument-Function Mapping Constraints\nCompFun(R, F): Given an a-structure argument R, <..R..>,\nR is linked to a compatible argument function F\nLinkFun(F, R): Given an argument function F in lexical form,\n<..F..>, F is linked to an argument R in a-structure\nUniqFun(Fa, Fb): Given any two argument functions Fa and\nFb in lexical form, <.. Fa..Fb..>, Fa ≠ Fb\nPromFun(R, F): Given an a-structure argument R, <..R..>,\nR is linked to most prominent function F\nAlignFun(Fa, Fb): Given any two adjacent argument functions\nFa and Fb in lexical form,<.. Fa Fb..>, Fa is not less\nprominent than Fb\nCompFun/LinkFun/UniqFun >> AlignFun >> PromFun\nThis OT system has been applied to locative inversion constructions and the\nresultative constructions in English and Chinese. The primary goal of this project is to\nconvert the simplified LMT entirely into OT constraints, including the universal\nassignment of syntactic features to argument roles and morpho-lexical and\nmorpho-syntactic operations. The second goal is to fully re-analyze lexical mapping\nin English and Chinese within the newly-developed OT-LMT; doing so also further\nvalidate the aptness and universality of OT-LMT. This project thus can also serve as a\ngood model where findings in theoretical linguistics are put into practical application.