納博科夫俄文小說中「瘋狂」主題的探討

Abstract

「瘋狂」是一種精神疾病的顯現，其定義非常繁雜，可從心理學、醫學、哲學等層面探究。「瘋狂」也是俄國文學中一個重要主題，在十九世紀的普希金、果戈理、杜斯妥也夫斯基、契訶夫及二十世紀象徵主義作家索洛古勃、布留索夫等人的創作中，都可以看到「瘋人／狂人」的形象。每位作家因為手法、流派、世界觀的不同，對此主題有不同的處理方式。在俄僑作家納博科夫的創作中，如小說《盧仁的防守》、《絕望》、《幽冥的火》、《庶出的標誌》等，都可見到瘋狂的主角形象，在其他作品人物中，也有類似瘋狂的舉止行為。因此可說「瘋狂」是作家創作中最重要的主題之一。本計畫擬以納博科夫的俄文小說為研究對象，首先定義何為「瘋狂」，再分析作家筆下「瘋人／狂人」的類型，接下來探討「瘋狂」主題的作用，最後探究「瘋狂」主題與作家世界觀之間的關係。

“Madness” is one of the most important themes in Russian literature. We could observe the images of lunatic/madman in A. Pushkin’s, N. Gogol’s, F. Dostoevsky’s, A. Chekhov’s and V. Bryusov’s works. Since his technique, school and world-view is unique, each writer treats this theme in his own way. In V. Nabokov’s literary creations, such as Defense, Despair, Pale Fire, and Real Life of Sebastian Knight, there are clearly images of insane leading characters. It’s also very obvious that there are examples of crazy behaviors in his other works. The theme of “madness” is significant in Nabokov’s creations. The research object of this project is Nabokov’s novels, which were written in Russian. To start with defining the “madness”, we’re going to analyze the category of Nabokov’s “lunatic/madman” and to probe into the intention of “madness”. In the end of the project, we’ll explore the connection between the theme of “madness” and writer’s world-view