Nationalism and Patriotism in China

Abstract

In recent years, Beijing has often urged Taiwan to contribute to the “overall interests of the Chinese nation.” However, it has appealed to “patriotism” rather than “nationalism,” as the Chinese Communists define nationalism as a bourgeoisie principle and policy approach toward the nationality problem and national relations which gives top priority to the bourgeoisie’s own interests and rule. Influenced by their Marxist stand and the existence of many minority nationalities in mainland China, the Communists have done their utmost to criticize and eliminate “nationalism” since they took over the Chinese mainland in 1949. To consolidate their rule, they have not only emphasized adherence to the Four Cardinal Principles, but also advocated patriotism, stressing its inseparability with the proletariat, internationalism, and socialism. Therefore, patriotism promoted by the Chinese Communists has become an instrument in the service of Communism. It is very different from nationalism, which has an important link to the Three People’s Principles.