中共在聯合國安全理事會的投票行為分析(1971-2005年)

Abstract

中共於1971年10月25日取得聯合國之中國席次。本文探討中共自1971年參與聯合國至2005年為止，其在安理會的投票行為。本文除了介紹安理會之投票規定之外，重點在於探討影響中共投票的因素，藉以瞭解中共外交在這一時期的變化。本文將中共此一時期的投票分成三個階段，第一階段從1971至1981年，此一時期中共對聯合國採取消極、相對不合作態度；第二階段從1982至1989年，中共對聯合國表現高度合作立場；第三階段是從1990年至2005年，中共採取選擇性支持策略，對涉及人權、具干涉內政意涵之決議案棄權，對涉及台灣邦交國之一些決議草案，可能投下否決票。基本上，中共在聯合國安理會之投票行為，是為追求國家利益，但對國家利益的認知因不同決策者價值觀而有差異，而且中共的投票行為也受到國內外環境變化之影響。

The People`s Republic of China (PRC) joined the United Nations on October 25, 1971. This article analyzes Beijing`s voting behavior at the UN Security Council from 1971 to 2005. After examining the Security Council`s voting regulations, this article focuses on Beijing`s voting behavior, thereby illuminating the development of Beijing`s foreign policy. This period is divided into three phases: (1) 1971-1981 when Beijing adopted a passive or non-cooperative position in the United Nations; (2) 1982-1989 when Beijing became highly cooperative in the United Nations; and (3) 1990-2005 when Beijing took a selectively supportive policy toward the United Nations, choosing to abstain or veto on draft resolutions related to Taiwan, human rights, or intervention in domestic affairs. In general, the voting record of Beijing maximizes China`s national interest. However perception of China`s national interest varies among leaders. Moreover, voting behavior is affected by developments in internal and the external contexts.