Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99801
題名: 臺灣華語之「四字告示」─句法層面和認知概念分析
"Four-character notices" in Taiwan Mandarin: A syntactical and conceptual analysis
作者: 陳威佑
Chen, Wei Yu
貢獻者: 張郇慧
Chang, Hsun Huei
陳威佑
Chen, Wei Yu
關鍵詞: 雙音節
話題
四字格式
刪略原則
日期: 2016
上傳時間: 9-Aug-2016
摘要: 華語四字告示的組成,牽涉華語雙音節化傾向、華語話題顯著性、溝通雙方已知訊息可省略和時間概念原則等多個面向而產生。本研究認為四字告示為了滿足韻律上偏好「雙音步」的需求,使用「刪略」為主要手段:依據「話題名詞」、「同等名詞刪略」與「說者和聽者刪略」原則,將具有完整意的句子濃縮成四字格式,並於形式上傾向保留動詞,和一般構詞以「偏正式」為大宗的情況相異。話題顯著性則是華語的另一個顯著特性,本文首先藉由中英語法特性的比較,導入關於話題各種特性的討論,包括話題的判定方式、話題鏈的作用與主要話題和次話題等概念,並針對四字告示的特性,微幅修改成「話題標籤」的概念,說明並分析「話題標籤─說明」模式,具有「話題鏈」的特性,並且可由主要話題和次話題的概念推導出告示中可省略的部分。透過此模式,本文將四字告示由傳統五大構詞結構為分析基底,做出進一步的簡化。\n告示的另一特性是溝通雙方能以具體語境作為訊息補充的線索,加上人稱代詞的活用在華語中所受的句法限制較少,可以靈活運用「刪略」的程度較英語高,此外,時間順序原則對於句子和告示的形成,也起到了一定的作用,形式越長的告示,越接近正常的句子時,時間順序原則的作用便越明顯。本文並以「話題標籤─說明」模式,討論三種在告示中較為特殊的語法現象,分別是:句首介詞「在」可以省略、「賓動結構」的產生和前後順序可以倒置的「乾坤挪移」現象,提供關於這些特殊語法現象可能的一個解決方案。
參考文獻: 中文文獻 (按漢語拼音順序排列)\n蔡維天. 2009. 〈漢語無定名詞組的分佈及其在語言類型學上的定位問題〉,即將出版於《語言學論叢》,第 39 輯,北京:北京商務印書館。\n曹逢甫. 1979. 《主題在國語中的功能研究:邁向言談分析第一步》。臺北:臺灣學生書局。\n戴浩一. 2007. 〈中文構詞與句法的概念結構〉,《華語文教學研究》,4.1:1-30。\n端木三. 1999. 〈重音理論和漢語的詞長選擇〉,《中國語文》,第4期,246-254。\n端木三. 2000. 〈漢語的節奏〉,《當代語言學 》,2000年第4期。\n范繼淹. 1982. 〈論介詞短語“在+處所”〉,《語言研究》,1982年第1期。\n馮勝利. 1998. 〈論漢語的“自然音步”〉,《中國語文》,第1期,40-47。\n馮勝利. 2009. 《漢語的韻律、詞法與句法》,北京:北京大學出版社。 \n馮勝利. 2013. 《漢語韻律句法學(增訂本)》,北京:商務印書館。\n何克抗、李大魁主編. 1987. 《現代漢語三千常用詞表》,北京:北京師範大學出版社。\n何萬順. 1998. 〈漢語主題在語法層面上的限制〉,《國立政治大學學報》,第77期,1-13。\n何元建. 2011. 《現代漢語生成語法》,北京:北京大學出版社。\n李振杰、白玉崑. 1987. 《中國報刊新詞語》,北京:華語教學出版社。\n連金發. 2015. 〈人稱代詞稱謂語的活用──說曹操曹操就到〉,《華語文教學研究》,12.2: 31-50。\n劉丹青. 2010. 〈漢語是一種動詞型語言─試論動詞型和名詞型語言的類型差異〉,《世界漢語教學》,2010年第1期。\n陸儉明. 2004. 〈〝句式語法理論〞與漢語研究〉,《中國語文》,2004年第5期。\n陸儉明. 2005. 《現代漢語語法研究教程(第三版)》,北京:北京大學出版社。\n馬媛. 2012. 《漢語四字語詞彙化過程考察》,哈爾濱師範大學:碩士學位論文。\n孟祥英. 2010. 《漢語待嵌格式研究》,山東師範大學:碩士學位論文。\n石定栩. 2011. 《名詞和名詞性成分》,北京:北京大學出版社。\n宋作豔. 2014. 〈漢英事件強迫之比較研究〉,《語言暨語言學》,15.2:199-229。\n王冬梅. 2001. 《現代漢語動名互轉的認知研究》,中國社會科學院研究生院:博士學位論文。\n葉美利、湯志真、黃居仁、陳克健. 1992. 〈漢語的動詞名物化初探─漢語中帶論文的名物化派生名詞〉,《第五屆計算與語言學會議論文集》,177-194。\n于根元主編. 1993. 《1992漢語新詞語》,北京:北京語言學院出版社。\n袁毓林. 1995. 〈謂詞隱含及其句法後果〉,《中國語文》,1995年第4期。\n袁毓林. 2002. 〈名詞代表動詞短語和代詞所指的波動〉,《中國語文》,2002年第2期。\n袁毓林. 2003. 《話題的結構和功能》述評〉,《當代語言學》,2003年第1期。\n張麗麗. 2003. 〈動詞複合與象似性〉,《語言暨語言學》, 4.1:1-27。\n張建理、葉華. 2009. 〈漢語雙數量詞構式研究〉,《浙大學報(人社版)》第3期。\n趙元任. 1980. 《中國話的文法》,臺北:臺灣學生書局。\n周荐. 1991. 〈複合詞詞素間的意義結構關係〉,《語言研究論叢》第六輯,天津教育出版社。\n\n \n英文文獻\nBenveniste, Emile. 1971. The Nature of Pronouns. Problems in general linguistics. 217-22 . Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press.\nBlake, Barry J. 2001. Case 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nBorer, H. 1983. Parametric Syntax. Foris Publications, Dordrecht.\nCarnie, Andrew. 2013. Syntax: A Generative Introduction. 3rd edn. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.\nChafe, W. 1987. “Cognitive constraints on information flow” Tomlin (ed.), 21-52. Amsterdam: Benjamins.\nChao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. University of California Press.\nChen, Matthew Y. 1996. Tone Sandhi. Ms, University of California San Diego.\nChen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone Sandhi : Patterns across Chinese Dialects . Cambridge, U.K. ; New York : Cambridge University Press.\nChomsky, Noam. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding. Foris Publications, Dordrecht. \nCollins, Chris and Paul Postal. 2012. Imposters: A Study of Pronominal Agreement.\nCambridge, MA: the MIT press.\nDuanmu, San. 2000. The Phonology of Standard Chinese. Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press.\nHaegeman, Liliane M. V. 1994. Introduction to Government and Binding Theory. Oxford ; Cambridge, Mass. : B. Blackwell, 1994 (2nd edn.)\nHer, One-Soon. 1990. Grammatical Functions and Verb Subcategorization in Mandarin Chinese. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Hawaii.\nHer, One-Soon. 1991. Topic as a grammatical function in Chinese. Lingua 84.1, 1-23.\nHer, One-Soon. 2003. Chinese inversion constructions within a simplified LMT. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Lexical-Functional Grammar Analysis of Chinese, Adams Bodomo and Kang Kwong Luke(guest editors), 1-31.\nHuang, C.-T James.1984. On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns. Linguistic inquiry, 531-574.\nHuang, C.-T James, Yen-Hui Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. 2009. The Syntax of Chinese. New York: Cambridge University Press.\nHuang, Shuan-fan. 1997. Chinese as a headless language in compounding morphology. NewApproaches to Chinese Word Formation, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 261-283. \nKeenan, E. L. 1976. Towards a universal definition of "subject". In Subject and Topic. Charles Li (ed): 303–333.\nLakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: what categories reveal about the world. Chicago. IL: University of Chicago Press.\nLi, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1976. "Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language". In Subject and Topic. Charles Li (ed):457-489.\nLi, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson.1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkley: University of California Press.\nLi, Yen-Hui Audrey.1990. Order and Constituency in Mandarin Chinese. Dordrecht: Kluwer.\nLi, Yen-Hui Audrey. 2014. Thematic Hierarchy and Derivational Economy. Language and Linguistics.15.3:295-339.\nLight, T., 1979. word order and word order change in mandarin chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 7:149-180\nLin, T.-H. Jonah, and C.-Y. Cecilia Liu. 2005. Coercion, event structure, and syntax. Nanzan Linguistics 2:9–31.\nMcluhan, M. 1964. Understanding Media: the Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill.\nMiller, George A. 1956. The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review. 63.2:81-97.\nPackard, Jerome. 2000. The Morphology of Chinese : A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach. New York: Cambridge University Press.\nPerlmutter, D. 1971. Deep and Surface Constraints in Syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.\nPustejovsky, J. 1995. The Generative Lexicon. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c1995 \nRoss, J. R. 1982. `Pronoun deleting processes in German.` paper presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, San Diego, California.\nShih, Chilin. 1997. Mandarin third tone sandhi and prosodic structure. In Wang Jialing and Norval Smith eds. Studies in Chinese phonology, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 81-123.\nSproat, Richard, and Chilin Shih. 1996. "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Mandarin Nominal Root Compounds." Journal of East Asian Linguistics. 5:49-71.\nTai, H-Y. James. 1985. Temporal sequence and Chinese word order. Iconicity in Syntax. John Haiman(ed). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.\nTao, Hongyin. 1996. Units in Mandarin conversation : prosody, discourse, and grammar. Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins.\nTaraldsen, T. 1978. "on the NIC, vacuous application, and the that-trace filter" Indiana university linguistics club, Bloomington.\nTsao, F. 1977. A functional study of topic in Chinese: the first step toward discourse analysis. Doctoral dissertation. USC. \nTsao, F. 1989. Comparison in Chinese: A topic comment approach. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies New Series. 19,2: 151- 189.\nVendler, Z.1967. Linguistics in Philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
華語文教學碩士學位學程
101161005
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101161005
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File SizeFormat
100501.pdf1.08 MBAdobe PDF2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.