DSpace Community: 第78期
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/102368
第78期2024-03-28T13:00:01Z大陸地區農村流動人口經濟成就之研究:從相對所得移動的觀點分析
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/104810
題名: 大陸地區農村流動人口經濟成就之研究:從相對所得移動的觀點分析
摘要: 本文主要的目的在以1995年山東濟南市農村流動人口的調查為例,評估中國大陸農村個別移民藉由遷移在都市勞動力市場上的所得經濟成就。本文採相對所得移動的方法,以移民未遷移時在農村的收入和遷移後現在工作的所得,觀察遷移前後所得移動的變化,做為評估遷移效果的依據,並進一步選擇九個自變數,對遷移前後所得位置移動的影響因素進行分析。發現73.8%的樣本移民遷移後所得位置向上移動,11.7%的人向下移動,而有14.5%的人維持原狀。其中向上移動的平均幅度大於向下移動,未遷出時所得位置在較低層的人,遷移後所得位置向上流動的級數愈大。未遷移時所得位置愈高者,遷出後較不易維持,向下移動的級數也愈大。其中,遷移前從事非農業工作的男性、及目前在集體部門就業者,傾向所得向下移動。遷移前從事農業工作的男性、新進移民、目前為個體戶、為經濟動機遷移、遷移前後沒有參加過訓練,及初中以上教育程度者,傾向所得向上移動。儘管並不是所有的農村移民遷移後所得位置都提高,但仍有74%的樣本藉由遷移,提高了其在該團體中原有的所得位置。因此,遷移對濟南市的農村移民而言,仍有經濟上的價值。; Purpose: To investigate whether individual person in the rural China through immigration has any effect upon his income achievement on the urban labor market.Model: Dept. variable: income position mobility before and after immigration. Indept. variables:mine variables.Method: Using the relative income mobility model, we compare the movement of each individual person`s income position before and after immigration to see if there is any immigration effect or not.Data: From "Investigation of Rural-Urban Migration in Ji`nan city, Shandong Province, 1995", we got first hand data from questionnaires.Findings: From the analysis of income mobility model before and after immigration, we found that 14.5% of the sample immigrants did not change their income at all, while 73.8% of those immigrants move upward and 11.7% move downward. The more lower of those possesing income position before immigration, the more higher they will move up after immigration, and visa versa. After analyzing which factors influence income mobility, we found that those doing non-agricultural works, and males are more inclined to move downward; while those newly immigrants, and those holding I ndividual enterprises, and those non-training immigrans have the potential to move upward.2016-12-12T08:50:45Z兩岸談判中「一個中國原則」之探討
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/104809
題名: 兩岸談判中「一個中國原則」之探討
摘要: 自從兩岸開始接觸談判以來,對於「一個中國」這四個字,基本上,雙方都是一致的;但是探詢到它的意涵時,兩岸的解讀卻是南轅北轍,以致兩岸開始展開交流並進行接觸協高商後,「一個中國」不管是原則,政策或是意涵,都引發雙方彼此之間強烈的爭議。本文主要是從兩岸對於「一個中國」不斷的爭議。看法的差歧,但從兩岸當局重要文件來檢視,「一個中國」仍然被視為兩岸未來整合協商的進程裏一個不可或缺的原則與主要條件。本文從「一個中國」原則是雙方接觸談判的要件到成為折騰角色及未來「一個中國」在兩岸談判過程可能的走向,到最後兩岸間現階段對「一個中國」的解讀與未來可能發展。; "One China" has been the subject under consensus between the both side of Taiwan Strait since they started to contact and then to talk each other, but TaiPei and Beijing gave different meaning to so called "One China" Owing to the different definition, the cross-strait relations have been full of controversies since then.The article tries to focus the argment of "One China" between the both sides through the historical review, and to find out what are the main factors blocking the recognition of "One China" for both sides, however, through the analysis of governmental documents of the both sides, "One China" is still consideted as a necessary condition to the process of unification.The paper then continues to research how "One China" has become the controversial role in principle at the present time from its argument in definition before, and how the problem "One China" can be settled finally by both TaiPei and Bejiing authorities.2016-12-12T08:44:59Z侵權法與責任保險對於公共場所損害防阻意願之影響
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/104808
題名: 侵權法與責任保險對於公共場所損害防阻意願之影響
摘要: 由於近年來公共場所意外災害頻傳,政府有意實施公共場所強制責任保險,並採用無過失主義,以加強業者對於公共安全之重視。然而民營責任保險之供給與價格,自從1980年代起即已是市場上之一大難題,仰賴責任保險以減少意外事故,其效果乃值得商榷。本文藉由法律經濟學與保險理論之分析方法,探討侵權法之過失責任原則與責任保險,二者對於損害防阻意願之影響,並且納入事故肇因或損害賠償不確定因素之介入效果。研究結果認為(一)業者對於場所安全之改善意願,乃決定於損害防阻工作之淨效益而非法律制度,無過失主義並不必然能提高業者之意願;(二)強制責任保險並未能提高損害防阻意願,多數情況是降低其意願,除非費率結構特別設計加重處罰高風險被保人,才可能提高業者之安全改善意願;(三)當有事故肇因或損害賠償不確定因素介入時,無過失主義不會增加業者損害防阻意願,責任保險保費負擔只會促使其退出市場,然而過失主義卻會增加業者損害防阻意願,責任保險保費負擔不必然會影響其經營事業之意願。; The public policy maker plans to implement the compulsory liability insurance with strict liability principle to provide the compensation for the injured in the public premises and to enhance the safety care taken by the firm. However, the availability and affordability of private liability insurance has been a serious problem in the insurance market since 1980`s. The fundamental solution of public safety is to improve the risk control activities by the firms.This paper provides theoretical analysis of the effect of legal system (negligence rule vs. strict liability) and compulsory liability insurance on the incentive of safety care. The major findings of this study are: (l) the incentive of safety care of the firm is decided by the relative expected cost of risk control program to the expected benefit of damage reduction, instead of the liability rule of tort law; (2) the intervention of compulsory liability insurance will not encourage the incentive of safety care unless the premium rate is structured unfairly to make extra penalty on the high-risk insured; (3) when there is uncertainty in causation and/or claim settlement, strict liability law will not encourage the safety care but discourage the firm from attending the business, while the safety care is increased under negligence rule and the expected utility of attending business may be unchanged, increased, or decreased depending on the cost of risk control activities.2016-12-12T08:44:43Z責任保險保險事故之探討--兼論事故發生之疑義
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/104807
題名: 責任保險保險事故之探討--兼論事故發生之疑義
摘要: 台灣地區於七十八年至八十五年間,發生五十餘起形成重大傷亡的公共場所意外事故,社會上對於被害人能否獲得合理賠償的問題,日益重視,責任保險對於此類被害人的保障功能,也益形重要。本文之主旨即在探求責任保險保險事故之合理意義,此項意義的釐清,將有助於責任保險保障功能的落實。全文分為五個部分:一、說明研究目的及範圍,二、探討責任保險承保之責任風險及保險事故之時程階段,三、分析責任事故作為保險人契約義務啟動要件之意義,四、介紹四則有關事故問題之訴訟案例,五、為結語,敘明處理事故問題爭訟之原則以及後續研究應注意之焦點。; In the years between 1989 to 1996, there were more than fifty events that occurred huge damage in Taiwan area. The problem of remedy and needing for indemnity of the victims getting more and more recognizing in our society. The main purpose of this paper is to address the adequate meaning of the insurance event of liability insurance.This article is divided into five sections. Following an introduction, section II discusses the liability hazard and the duration issue of liability policy coverage. Section III inquires into the coverage trigger of liability insurance. Section IV introduces and commentates on four case about occurrences problem in America. Section V concludes with the principles to resolve the controversial problem of occurrences.2016-12-12T08:44:27Z