防禦性民主與德國民主的正常化

Abstract

究竟一個民主已經鞏固的國家，應該以何種態度與法制來面對留存在體制內的激進勢力？倘若視之為競爭對手且與之共存是必然的話，那麼聯邦德國在繼續保留防禦性民主的條件下，究竟要如何恰當地運作防禦性民主，才能夠保有民主的多元和寬容之特色？這當中涉及到哪些關鍵因素？為回答這些問題，本文嘗試從不寬容激進勢力的緣起到最後與之共存的整個變遷歷程，對防禦性民主作深入的探析。與此同時，在探析的過程中，德國民主的正常化軌跡將會逐步地被映照出來。

What kind of attitudes and legal systems should a consolidated democracy use to deal with radical forces that have remained in the political system? If these radical forces are deemed as competitors and must co-exist with demooracy, how should the Federal Republic of Germany execute the defensive democracy appropriately to maintain the diversity and tolerance of democracy? What key factors are involved in this process? In order to answer these questions, this paper attempts to use the evolutionary process from intolerance toward radical forces to the realization of coexistence and conducts an indepth analysis of defensive democracy. At the same time, this exploration shall gradually shed light on the trajectory of the normalization of German democracy.