轉型期中國的單位制度因素對社會資本/網絡的影響:2004-2007

Abstract

本研究以中研院主題計畫「社會資本的建構與效應」中，2004年至2007年兩期中國城市居民資料為研究樣本，檢視了人力資本、政治資本，以及「單位」這一中國特有的制度因素，在轉型期中國，會如何影響當代社會的個人社會資本取得與社會網絡關係的建構。\n首先，本文從林南的社會資本理論出發，闡述了個人的社會資本與社會網絡在轉型期中國如何依賴於社會制度效果。\n其次，借鑒市場轉型理論的爭論，本研究聚焦在轉型期中國的單位制度因素,在「國家-市場」的不同單位制度光譜上，如何對人力資本與政治資本轉化為個人社會資本的過程產生影響，並提出研究框架：\n個人社會資本與社會網絡，受人力資本、政治資本與單位制度因素三大機制的共同影響。其中，人力資本、政治資本對社會資本及社會網絡的取得，具有直接的效果，「國家-市場」中不同的單位制度則對這一過程產生調節作用。\n經過統計模型檢驗，本研究發現，單位制度因素確實對個人社會資本與社會網絡具有複雜的影響，特別是偏向國家的制度因素在中國市場轉型中依然發揮重要作用，預示著市場轉型中不同種類的制度規則同時存在，並深刻地影響社會資本與社會網絡的建構。

This paper uses two waves longitudinal data of urban citizens in China from 2004 to 2007 to examine the effects of work units, as a unique institutional effect in China, human capital and political capital, on the building of personal social capital and social networks in transitional China.\nI begin from the social capital theory of Nan Lin and illustrate how personal social capital and social networks in transitional China depend on the social institutional effect.\nNext I start from the controversial around market transition theory and focus on the work unit effect in transitional China effecting on the conversions from human capital and political capital to social capital, according to the “state-market” institutional spectrum.\nThen I deliver my research framework: personal social capital and social networks are commonly affected by human capital, political capital and work unit effects. While human capital and political capital directly affects the social capital and this process is moderated by work unit effect in the “state-market” institutional spectrum.\nThis paper finds out that work unit effect does complicatedly moderate on the creation of social capital and social networks, indicating that different types of social rules do coexist during the market transition and deeply influence on the building of social capital and social networks.