多軸飛行器用於自拍情境之互動模式研究

Abstract

「自拍」是時下特有的社群文化，使用手持相機或自拍棒輔助拍照多有限制。然而搭載相機鏡頭的多軸飛行器（Camera-equipped drone）日漸普及，未來將有機會成為新的攝影器材。\n本研究由初步訪談並分類「日常生活中操作相機」之心智模型：（1）以自身為中心，指揮攝影師移動之操控者模式（User Mode），適合近距操作，如自拍；（2）使用者透過相機視角，取得觀測角度之觀景窗模式（Viewfinder Mode），適合取得遠距影像，如災區探勘；（3）以第三人稱同時控制攝影者與被攝者的導演模式（Director Mode），擅於處理人與鏡頭相對空間關係，適合已預想好全局構圖與分鏡腳本。本研究依上述分類討論文獻與商品之優勢與限制，探索「操作空間中任務擺放之相機（多軸飛行器）」的理想互動方法後，將「操作空間中的相機」互動切分為兩階段流程設計：（1）Positioning階段：以User Mode直視飛行器，指揮相機位置；（2）Fine Tuning階段：以Viewfinder Mode透過觀景窗取得影像並微調拍攝參數。\n本研究將著重於Positioning階段之飛行器控制互動方法，透過探討使用者的空間認知，提出三種符合使用者心智模型之飛行器運動座標系（球狀、柱狀與修正之三維座標），結合智慧型手機操作的類指向輸入方法（Semi-Direct Pointing），並實作沉浸式VR多軸飛行器體驗模擬器「Skyfie」，並進行兩次使用者測試，模擬使用者在3D空間中指揮飛行器移動至指定位置進行拍攝，實驗結果證明本研究提出之三種座標系統皆比傳統三維座標容易操作，並於最後討論各運動座標系適用之情境。

Taking Selfie is a brand new type of photographic behavior and has become a phenomenon on social medias. In Asia, many people love taking and sharing selfies in their daily life and have create several tools to take good selfies suck as a selfie stick or a portable tripod. In the meantime, camera-equipped drones are getting more and more popular today. We can envision a future where personal flying selfie bots are always with us.\nAmong the previous works and commercial products, the interaction techniques for controlling drone are mostly designed in drone-centric mode that require a longer training and are not easy for taking an anticipated shot. We investigate the user needs in taking selfies and propose an interaction technique that contains Positioning state and Fine Tuning state which are designed with user and viewfinder mode. Users can place a drone in a specified coordinate system by our semi-direct pointing technique and then compose the framing on the smartphone screen. We propose 3 coordinate systems for positioning stage and conduct two user studies in a simulated VR environment to validate the performance and user acceptances.\nIn conclusion, we find that all three coordinate systems are more user friendly compare to traditional Cartesian coordinate system considering the test results and implementation cost.