俄羅斯的人文思潮與社會運動-從索絡維約夫之「超人的理念」討論

Abstract

以「超人的理念」一文為例，探討索洛維約夫用什麼樣的方法建立可靠的社會秩序，在當時給予什麼樣的實際影響。雖然索洛維約夫的理論未獲執政者青睞，在革命後連同其追隨者的言論一併遭禁止，但是卻在現今重新得到重視，不僅證實其理論具價值性，也顯示此刻俄羅斯對建立新秩序與尋找舊傳統的渴望。

The focuses of this article are on the background which impacts over the formation of V. S. Soloviev’s thought and also on the relation between his theory and social movement. V. S. Soloviev’s work is not only his personal creation, but also a significant part of Russian humanistic thoughts before the Russian revolution. His theory about how men’s freedom can be secured in society is affirmative up to date, and his view about religious organization effecting social policies is seeing as in heritage of traditional spirit. Such theory inspiring both innovation (aim for freedom and equality) and conservativeness (encourage religion basis) was formed with unique historical impacts. Academy and thoughts from Western Europe were introduced to Russia since early eighteenth century caused various discussions until nineteenth century. On the other hand, reform with bondman abolition as emphasis brought huge change in daily lives and as a result more reform ideas were born. In “Idea of Superhuman”, how Soloviev established social order and the actual impact were discussed. Although the government did not consider Soloviev’s theory and his follower’s theory was even banned after the revolution. Since Soleviev’s theory becomes important these days, not only the theory’s value is proved, but also showing how Russia people expect to establish a new social order and search for old tradition.