時間副詞「すぐ(に)」と「たちまら」に関する一考察─構文制約及び意味分析の観点から─

Abstract

「すぐ（に）」和「たちまち」同為「至起動僅需極短時間」的時間副詞。本論文從句構限制以及語意分析兩個角度探討了「すぐ（に）」和「たちまち」的使用區分。「すぐ（に）」和「たちまち」在句中的使用限制分別為：「すぐ（に）」可以修飾動作者可控制的行為動作和客體的變化，並可和表示發話、傳達的モダリティ形式一起使用；「たちまち」不太修飾動作者可控制的行為動作，主要是修飾客體的變化，並幾乎不和表示發話、傳達的モダリティ形式一起使用。 「すぐ（に）」和「たちまち」的語意差異分別為：「すぐ（に）」的重點在於表示從某個作為基準的時間點到事態發生之間的時間間隔很短；而「たちまち」由於涵蓋了事態或是結果的進展、變化等演變過程，因此修飾的重點在於表示事態的開始、經過、結束等一連串過程演變迅速。 通過本論文的探討，可以得知具有相近意思的副詞之所以不能互換，其原因並不只是受限於語意上的不同，和句構限制也有相當的關係，也就是即使是同一類的副詞，在句構限制和語意兩方面皆會有相異之處。

This paper explores two temporal adverbs “sugu (ni)” and “tachimachi”, which both mean \"small amount of time required for activation\". In terms of usage, “sugu (ni)” is used to modify either actions of subjects or changes of objects, and can be used with utterances and transmitted modality. On the other hand,“tachimachi” is mainly used to modify changes of objects, and cannot be used with neither utterances nor transmitted modality. The basic meanings of the two adverbs are also different. \" Sugu (ni)\" places its emphasis on the extremely small amount of time passed before an action happens, while“tachimachi” covers the whole process of an action from the start to the end, and, therefore, it place its emphasis on the extremely small amount of time taken for the whole process. This paper clarifies that the non-exchangeability of two adverbs with synonymic characteristics is not only caused by differences in meanings, but also due to differences in syntactic conditions. In other words, there are still subtle differences in both meaning and syntactic conditions for adverbs belong to the same category.