試論中國《反龍斷法》對知識產權濫用的限制

Abstract

本文對民間文學藝術版權保護的核心論點—集體作者觀提出質疑。本文首先揭示了民間文學藝術保護熱潮背後的文化民族主義的情感因素。然後分析了文藝學者在文化民族主義的影響下刻意區分民間文學與作家文學，建構民間文學所謂「集體性」的過程，以及法律學者在文藝學者的觀點的基礎上進一步虛構所謂集體創作機制、集體作者觀的過程。接著本文介紹了部分學者借用結構主義文學理論、批評個人主義作者觀，為民間文學的集體產權觀鋪路的基本論點。本文對上述理論逐一進行批駁，否認民間文學藝術領域的集體作者觀代表著著作權法的發展方向。最後，本文指出版權法應該放棄集體作者觀，將民間文學藝術作品視為普通作品，從而為民間文學的版權難題的最終解決指明方向。

China has approved the draft of its Antitrust Law on August 30 2007, after thirteen years of legislation. The legislation is significant for the establishment of market economy in China. Some scholars believe that the law can restrict the intellectual property abuses. More and more intellectual property disputes are raised, especially by some transnational corporations of advanced technology and numerous patents, and threaten the maintenance and development of China industries. Hence, it become an important issue to use the mechanism of Antitrust Law to restrict intellectual property abuses which hinder technology development and interfere with fair competition in the market in China.