否棄集體作者觀：民間文藝版權難題的終結

Abstract

本文對民間文學藝術版權保護的核心論點—集體作者觀提出質疑。本文首先揭示了民間文學藝術保護熱潮背後的文化民族主義的情感因素。然後分析了文藝學者在文化民族主義的影響下刻意區分民間文學與作家文學，建構民間文學所謂「集體性」的過程，以及法律學者在文藝學者的觀點的基礎上進一步虛構所謂集體創作機制、集體作者觀的過程。接著本文介紹了部分學者借用結構主義文學理論、批評個人主義作者觀，為民間文學的集體產權觀鋪路的基本論點。本文對上述理論逐一進行批駁，否認民間文學藝術領域的集體作者觀代表著著作權法的發展方向。最後，本文指出版權法應該放棄集體作者觀，將民間文學藝術作品視為普通作品，從而為民間文學的版權難題的最終解決指明方向。

The paper questions the collective authorship, a core argument for folklore copyright protection. The discussion uncovers the emotional element of cultural nationalism behind the trend of folklore protection.Literature researchers purposely draw a line between folk literature and elite literature under the influence of cultural nationalism. The so-called “collectiveness” in the folk literature is then constructed and legal scholars fabricate the so-called collective creation mechanism and the collective authorship based on the viewpoint of literature esearchers. Some scholars made us of Structuralism and criticized individual authorship, to defend the collective authorship of folklore. The paper contends against those arguments mentioned above and disagrees that the copyright law should follow the collective authorship of folklore. The copyright law should abandon the collective authorship and recognizes folk literature as ordinary works. In this way, the dilemma of folklore copyright can thus be solved.