身分認同、觀感和社會融合: 以西班牙穆斯林移民為例

Abstract

現今科技的進步和全球化，人們能更容易且迅速地遷移到不同的地方。移民遷移國外不難，但要適應居住國不同的文化、種族、宗教、歷史背景和社會融合就因人而異。身分認同是社會融合中重要的因素，而社會融合的困難與挑戰則可以從歐洲公民的態度、穆斯林移民的自我身分認同、對於移民的觀感和刻板印象中觀察出。\n\n論文藉由和西班牙穆斯林移民的實地訪談，試圖了解這些移民在社會融合的過程以及挑戰。許多學者認為穆斯林移民在社會的代表性較差，以及其認同常常遭受許多歧視和誤解。其他學者並不認為西班牙移民威脅到國家認同，因為移民在社會中缺乏能見度。\n\n然而，近年來歐洲經濟危機和恐怖攻擊事件導致當地公民對於穆斯林移民的態度有所改變。當穆斯林移民面臨在異鄉的適應和社會融合的困難中，他們或許會選擇從當地社會中分離並組成自我的社會群體，或選擇融入當地社會而失去自己的身分認同。如果穆斯林移民能夠被當地社群和政府接受，或許會更容易融入社會。\n\n關鍵字: 身分認同、社會融合、建構主義、穆斯林移民、社會觀感。

It is easier and faster for people to move to different places nowadays with the advanced development of technology and globalization. Although it is easy to move to foreign countries, it is difficult for immigrants to adapt and integrate into a society with distinct cultures, ethnicities, religious and historical background. Identity can be seen as an important factor during the process of integration. From the attitudes of European citizens, self-identification of Muslim immigrants, perceptions and stereotypes imposed toward the immigrants, the difficulties and challenges of integration into the society can easily be observed.\n\nThe researcher propose to conduct interviews with Muslim immigrants living in Spain to see their perspectives of the process of integration and the challenges they faced. Many scholars believed that the Muslim immigrants were not represented in the society and often face many discriminations and misunderstandings due to their identity. For other scholars, immigration in Spain is not perceived to be a threat to national identity because of the lack of visibility of immigrants. \n\nHowever, with recent event of terrorist attacks and the economic crisis, the attitudes of local citizens are becoming less tolerant toward Muslim immigrants. When Muslim immigrants face difficulties of adaptation and integration into the foreign society, they would become segregated and form their own social group; or they would assimilate into the foreign country and lose their identity. If Muslim immigrants are accepted and welcomed by local communities and the government, they would be able to create a new identity and integrate into the society better. \n\nKey words: Identity, integration, constructivism, Muslim immigrants, perception