韓國的電視媒體控制

Abstract

以輸出電視劇為主力的「韓流」可說是韓國文創奇蹟，學界對其輔導政策的討論耕耘甚深，但對政府如何貫徹國家政策、維護公共利益並同時有效調動產業等，卻鮮少深入探索。本文嘗試從政媒關係、電視政策與掌管機構的沿革等三方面著手，剖析該國政府何以有效控制電視媒體。我們發現，歷任政府對電視台的控制甚深，故對市場的規範約束力大，韓國電視產業便在封閉的結構下得以穩定成長，同時也為後來的節目對外輸出打下基礎。

The recent success of Hallyu (Korean Wave) first driven by the spread of TV dramas received academic attention for its effective national policies. However, little is known about how national policy is implemented and local industry capacity is maintained even after market opening. Therefore, the aim of this paper attempts to explore how and why state governs broadcasting industry effectively. Historical institutionalism has been used to explain the way that Korean governments had taken to collaborate with the broadcasting industry. The relation between governments and broadcasting industry, the changes of broadcasting policies and authorities responsible for regulating TV industry are involved. Results of this study showed that strong state intervention in Korea did lead to oligopoly, and the governments dominated the industry by designing the market structure. To conclude, this study may be of importance in explaining the governed independence between Korean governments and broadcasting industry, as well as how it contributed to the stable productivity and export competitiveness.