Identifying Some Conditions Underlying Successful Quality of Working Life Programs: Testing Twelve Guides for Praxis

Abstract

本研究係以實例有系統地檢驗「工作生活品質」(QWL)計畫，探討在何種情況下較易成功，進而能提高組織的效能與增進成員的福祉。因此依照目前社會中所流行的說法提出了12個不同情況的假設（例如：私人機關推行QWL計畫較公家機關容易成功……等）。為了檢驗此12個假設，本研究共收集了231個個案，是截至目前有關這方面所收集到最多個案的研究。本研究採用了Cramer`s V的統計方法來檢驗。由於每個個案中所包含的資料不同，因此又分為兩種方法來檢驗：全面性的評佔方法（指每個個案中同時包括像產量、成本、缺席率等客觀方面的硬體資料與像參與感、滿足感等主觀方面的軟體資料），硬體方面的評估方法（指每個個案中僅包括像產量、成本、缺席率等客觀方面的硬體資料）。本研究發現，在此兩種方法之下，該12個假設沒有一個是獲得支持的，它們的 Cramer`s V 的值都是介於．14與．16之間，顯示它們的關係介於「微不足道的與微弱的」之間，否定了現行社會中所流行的說法。This paper supplies much information on systematic approaches to quality of working life (QWL) change efforts. Paramountly, it aggregates the largest batch of QWL applications (N=231) ever assembled to provide perspective on being more systematic about the conditions of changing organizations to improve the quality of working life. The Cramer`s V statistical method is used to test for the relationships between the 12 different conditions and the outcomes of QWL applications. We put these relationships into 12 hypotheses. The findings show that there is no strong tendency for conventional wisdom addressing QWL change efforts to be supported. None of the 12 hypotheses are "robust", and most of their Cramer`s V values are around .14 to .16, which our conventions describe as "negligible to weak."