中国の政治改革と政治・社会の関係 中國的政治改革與政治、社會的關係

Abstract

中国では、2002 年の党大会で、三つの代表重要思想を実施する上で、理論のイノベーションを通じて、制度のイノベーションを推進することが定められた。同時に社会管理、公共サービスが政府の新たな職能とされ、関連の「公共政策」、社会政策が推進され、政治と社会の関係、社 会制度に変化が生じることとなった。具体的には、社会管理において社会組織と当局の協調関係が模索され始め、行政面において公共サービスの充実化などサービス型政府の建設が推進され始めた。2007 年には、国家目標として、21 世紀中ころまでに、富裕民主文明和諧の社会主義現代化国家を建設することが定められた。現在、中国では、財政支出や公民の政治参加など、今後の「部分的福祉国家化」を示唆する政治改革が推進されている。 中國於2002年中共十六大中，為了落實「三個代表」之重要思想，規定了透過理論創新來進行制度創新，同時，在政府的職能中加入社會管理及公共服務功能，決定促進與「公共政策」相關之社會政策，使得政治、社會關係以及社會制度上產生變化。具體來說，於社會管理面方面，開始摸索社會機構和政府關係上的協調；另於政府行政方面，促進建設服務型政府，如公共服務之充實化等。2007年，中國政府還規定了新的國家目標：到21世紀中葉以前，建設富裕、民主、文明及和諧的社會主義現代化國家。目前，中國政府正採取如調整財政支出及鼓勵公民政治參與等政策，暗示今後將朝「部分性福利國家化」之政治改革邁進。In the National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2002 the PRC set out to promote renovation of their institutions through the innovation of theories and implementing the important ideas of the `Three Representatives`. At the same time, social management and public service became the government`s new function as it started to promote social policies, referred to as `public policies`, which caused a change in the relationship between the political and social spheres of the social system. Concretely, they began seeking a partnership between social organizations and governmental authorities by promoting the construction of service-oriented government facilities. In 2007, a national goal was set to construct a modern, wealthy, democratic, civilized and harmonious, socialist-state by the middle of 21st century. Today, the PRC government is promoting a political restructuring that exhibits a glimpse of change towards a `partly welfare state`, exemplified by the adjustment of financial expenditures and public participation in politics.

In the National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2002 the PRC set out to promote renovation of their institutions through the innovation of theories and implementing the important ideas of the `Three Representatives`. At the same time, social management and public service became the government`s new function as it started to promote social policies, referred to as `public policies`, which caused a change in the relationship between the political and social spheres of the social system. Concretely, they began seeking a partnership between social organizations and governmental authorities by promoting the construction of service-oriented government facilities. In 2007, a national goal was set to construct a modern, wealthy, democratic, civilized and harmonious, socialist-state by the middle of 21st century. Today, the PRC government is promoting a political restructuring that exhibits a glimpse of change towards a `partly welfare state`, exemplified by the adjustment of financial expenditures and public participation in politics.