胡錦濤時代の中国の軍事・軍隊政策 胡錦濤時期的中國軍事與軍隊政策

Abstract

胡錦濤軍事指導部は、中央軍事委員会の主要ポストを江沢民時期と同様の系列の人物に任せるなど、その権力基盤は安定していた。解放軍が担う戦略的任務の重点を戦争勝利能力から「調略能力」に拡大している。軍の「歴史的使命」など新たな役割は、軍の政治的影 響力の拡大につながった。政治工作の特徴は、制度規定の充実に力が入れられた。台湾政策は、早期統一から反台湾独立へ重点を転換した。「国家主権、安全、発展の利益」の擁護などの方針によって、2010 年に顕在化した米国との軍事対立については、胡錦濤が処理に直接あたるなど、中央の強いイニシアティブが存在した。17 期5 中全会では、小康社会の全面的建設が最重視され、強硬であった対外政策が調整された。海洋安全と警備を職責とする国家辺海防委員会は、トップが軍人であり、政策に軍の意向がより反映しやすくなっている。 胡錦濤軍事領導團隊如任命江澤民時期同様系列人物擔任中央軍委的主要職位、其權力基礎較穩定。將人民解放軍擔任之戰略任務的重點從戰爭勝利能力擴大到謀略能力。歷史的使命等軍隊的新角色導致軍隊之政治能力擴大。政治工作特徴是為充實加強制度規定。對臺政策之重點，從早期的「統一」轉換至「反獨立」。因擁護「國家主權、安全、發展利益」等方針，2010年時與美國顯著的軍事對立而言，吾人可知如胡錦濤直接處理該事項，中央較強的主導權的存在。17屆5中全會上決定了更重視全面建設小康社會，調整先前強硬的對外政策。國家邊海防委員會以海洋安全與警備為職責，其最高負責人為軍人，事務機關由總參謀部作戰部邊防局擔任，更容易地在政策上反映軍方的意向。Hu Jintao`s military leading group has been kept at its strong power base. Hu still trusts people who belongs same group with Jiang Zemin era and has assigned them to the important posts in the Central Military Commission. The main interests of the People`s Liberation Army (PLA) are enlarging a important point of their strategic task from power to win the war to talent for carrying out stratagem. Military new role `historical mission` gave them more powerful role in politics. The distinctive feature of political work is to put in a good amount of effort to making rules and regulations. China`s Taiwan policy has changed from `early reunification` to `anti-independent`. After Beijing addressed their policy to safeguard their interests concerning sovereignty, national security and development, the U.S.-China military confrontation became very obvious in 2010. However, CPC` central showed their strong initiative to solve this problem as Hu Jintao directly managed to improve relationship with U.S. At the fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, it was referred to the importance of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and adjusted its hard-line foreign policy. The top post in Committee of Border and Coastal Defense comes from military and Combat Operation Command team at the General Staff Department of the PLA takes charge of its operation to maintain its power in the coastal defense policy.

Hu Jintao`s military leading group has been kept at its strong power base. Hu still trusts people who belongs same group with Jiang Zemin era and has assigned them to the important posts in the Central Military Commission. The main interests of the People`s Liberation Army (PLA) are enlarging a important point of their strategic task from power to win the war to talent for carrying out stratagem. Military new role `historical mission` gave them more powerful role in politics. The distinctive feature of political work is to put in a good amount of effort to making rules and regulations. China`s Taiwan policy has changed from `early reunification` to `anti-independent`. After Beijing addressed their policy to safeguard their interests concerning sovereignty, national security and development, the U.S.-China military confrontation became very obvious in 2010. However, CPC` central showed their strong initiative to solve this problem as Hu Jintao directly managed to improve relationship with U.S. At the fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, it was referred to the importance of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and adjusted its hard-line foreign policy. The top post in Committee of Border and Coastal Defense comes from military and Combat Operation Command team at the General Staff Department of the PLA takes charge of its operation to maintain its power in the coastal defense policy.